I did this with my cannas last year, but one has to keep them a about 55 - 60 degrees.

My glads, I dug, cleaned, dusted with fungicide, and placed into paper bags about 10 per bag. Then I kept them in the cold cellar ( next to my dahlias )and they were fine. You don't have to worry about dehydration in the bulbs like you do with the tubers.

I would think you could do treat your caladium like your canna, but won't attest to that. I let mine freeze this year, as I completely forgot about them. Now they are soft and mushy.