The size of the sink base will depend on the size of the sink you select. If you select a "standard" 33" sink, then you'd normailly use a 36" base, or a 33" refrigerator box with fillers and decorative columns. This may sound obvious, but you choose a sink base cabinet instead of piecing one out of "parts", you need a farm sink base, not a regular sink base. You'll also need a carpenter pretty well versed in farm sink installation to be able to scribe the filler to fit your sink accurately. Many people also prefer a filler overlay similarly scribed. You can use an angled deep sink base that has decorative fillers "built in" to the sink cabinet, or you can use decorative box fillers, or turned legs or other types of fillers next to the sink base. There are dozens of permutations possible, and frankly, you need an in person KD to go through the possible choices with you and with the spec book open in front of you to be able to be sure you understand the variations and what the choices mean to your overall layout and budget. Then, after you determine what size sink and base and/or decorative accessories you'd like to use, then and only then can you figure out how much room you have adjacent to the sink for other cabinets and their sizes. Every decision you make affects the other elements in the design, and it's often difficult to keep track of it all unless you are using some computer simulating software to help you visualize it.

If you've narrowed your choice of cabinets down to Kraftmaid, then you should be interviewing KDs at places that sell KM to find a good fit to your desired DIY style. Some KDs work better with DIYers than others, so interview as many as needed to find "the one". So many of your questions involve so many interactions of the design as a whole, that you really need an in person source of information that can assist you through this process. The bonus to having a KD assist you is that she can use her design software to show you the different permutations visually.

Chief Architect has some homeowner friendly software that many here use to help them with their layouts. That would probably be a good idea for you to consider. Once you have that basic layout of the "Big 3" set, then you can post a layout here and/or meet with your chosen KD to tweak the exactitudes. Right now, it seems as though you're getting lost in the trees and don't see the forest.

The farmhouse base is just that, a base. You bring your sink forward however much you want it forward mine is 1 1/2 inches. Your sink base is just an empty box with support added for the sink to rest on. My 30 inch wide sink is in a 33 inch cabinet. My DRAIN is offset. I have the drain on the right hand side leaving the left hand side of my sink base open. You can get them with the drain hole on the end or center. The fireclay sinks can be turned so that the drain is on the left or right. Be aware that a fireclay farmhouse sink is NOT a rectangle. The sides are sloped and the top of the sink is wider than the bottom. If you don't make a template you will end up with an ugly hole instead of a neat cut out for the sink to fit into.

The dishwasher is right next to the sink.

I wanted the single bowl because I had spent my whole life fighting the little tiny two bowls to wash cookie sheets, big pots and roaster pans; the things that never fit into the dishwasher. I will never go back to a double sink but it depends on how you use your sink. If I need to wash veggies or such, I have a dishpan. Otherwise my dishwasher washes everything.

This is the sink we have. we didn't have space for a larger sink but wanted a double bowl, and the inside of the bowls on this sink are very generous.

Single bowl advocate here, but it really is a personal decision. I don't need two bowls for doing dishes cause I paid The Big Bucks for my DW, and by golly, I am going to use it. Regarding rinsing vegetables, I usually use a colander, so I wouldn't need a separate sink bowl for that. Regarding rinsing chicken, I usually do that under running water, so wouldn't need a separate sink bowl for that. Also, in my old double bowl sink, I always found it annoying to have one drain without a disposal - food invariably got into the strainer of that one, stopping things up, or worse, going down the drain, and stopping up the drain. No such problems in a single bowl sink with a disposal in the one drain. Well, I know you don't want this thread to turn into a single vs. double bowl debate, since you have other questions. In any case, the topic of single or double bowl has been discussed a lot on this forum, so try doing a search and you'll come up with some threads that go through the many pros and cons of each type.

If you are looking for the traditional faucet pairing with an apron front sink, it would be a bridge faucet. Rohl and Newport Brass make some outstanding bridge faucets. The bridge faucet look is appropriate, but I prefer the more streamlined look and function of a single-hole faucet - i.e. one handle to turn to adjust the temperature, and not so many holes in the counter to clean around. Just MHO.

I just wanted to mention a kitchen I've admired, which is Firsthouse_mp's with its stainless steel apron front sink. I think what she did and her choices would be helpful in your decision. Her kitchen looks mostly traditional, so you'd think there'd be an apron front sink made of fireclay, but instead there's a stainless steel apron front sink and it looks fabulous. Her faucet is the Blanco Meridian Semi Professional (the chrome finish would be about $100 less than the satin nickel she chose). I just love the look of that faucet with the SS apron sink, and how it sets off the rest of the kitchen.

Firsthouse_mp if you are reading this, I hope you don't mind that I've linked your kitchen.

Here is a link that might be useful: Firsthouse_mp's Kitchen

We have a 30" Shaw sink in a 33" base cabinet. The sink cabinet is 27" deep so it's bumped out 3". I like a single bowl sink, but it's definately personal preference.