It could be mealy bugs or similar bugs; first I would spray it with water to dislodge everything, then check after 2-3 days to see if still clean. Keep checking since they keep coming back and repeat. Or you could use a solution of rubbing alcohol and water and spray, keep checking as above. There are chemicals too, but maybe you should try water and/or water/alcohol first?

Keep out of sun if using anything but pure water (perhaps even water). And keep away from other plants, insects can spread very easily.

I agree with Rina. I think you have mealies, or possibly aphids.
Those tiny white specks on the plant could be either. Her suggestion
for treatment is exactly what I would advise.

I have found
that mealies and aphids really like the new growth of the inflos. My
plants can be quite healthy and pest free, but as soon as they send up
an inflo I have to be on alert. My plants are outside, so I also have
the ants moving the pests around!

While I was in Ohio helping my mother, Hubby sent me this picture of my Echeveria 'Neon Breakers' in bloom.

I thought it was great until I looked closely!

I
told him to dip a q-tip into alcohol and pick off what he could see and
to spray it with 50/50 alcohol-water solution. But he had to leave for
3 weeks and by the time I returned home, my plant looked just like
yours does. I cleaned up what I could, but ultimately snipped off a
couple of the inflorescence stems.Good luck! I know they are a pain to deal with, but it can be done.

Crenda

What a beautiful Neon Breakers (except the mealies that is!). Hope you got them under control...

sunset

I use q-tip dipped in alcohol on leaves, but since the
buds are affected, spray would work better - it is hard to get into all
crooks and crannies and unless you get all of them, they will multiply.

We all have them from time to time, I just found large leave of amorphophallus (not a succulent) totally covered in them - like a white cloud. Lucky that the plant was in the breezway where it was alone, but these nasties have a way of finding the plants.