I think Phyllostachys Parvifoia is heads and shoulders above the pack at least in my experience. Mine has reached 23ft by 1.5 inch culms after 6 years in the ground and has continued to upsize regardless of the coldest winters we have ever had this century in the past 2 winters.

Atrovaginata has reached 19ft back in 2013 however it has downsized and currently only sits at around 15ft since it is just getting too much damage. No other bamboos are coming anywhere close to parvifolia now.

Here are some pictures of what I got this spring.

Oooh Steve, I love your bamboo. :D

Well, to answer Db's question, I've kept alive some moso, though I have been piling on the compost and haybales lately, as I read that they love to be babied. I am amazed at how well it survived last winter, as it was super cold. I hope I didn't jinx myself with that last comment. Anyway, I also have some p. nigra (henon) growing, though it started o crap out last year due to below 0 farenheit. Once it hits zero, all top growth that's not covered with snow dies off. New culms come up again, but they are small. I've had this particular type for over 12 years and it doesn't like our winters. It does keep it in bounds however, but it keeps creeping towards my roses and lilacs.

My other boos that seem to be surviving are p. vivax, atrovaginata and parvofolia, ditto p. bissetti. I've got two p. rubromarginata that are hanging in there fairly well too. Our soil is pretty marginal but they are still going.