Not sure about restaining the cabinetry - if this layout is working for you - then keep the cabinets, but it generally only gives you another 5 years of life.

You should continue with the black theme going on in the living/dining area.

White quartz countertops, black base units - white uppers.
I'd continue with that vein in the kitchen - painting your base cabinetry black and uppers white.

Anyway you look at it - you need to make sense of the black happening in the other room to make your kitchen feel part of this home - integrate black into whatever your going to do. Good luck with your project -

Nice kitchen! You might could try roman shades for the window also Granite top for the counters would look good too! Since you are planning on a darker stain for cabinets you might want to go light on the color for the countertop that way, the kitchen will not seem as dark, unless you are going for that look:-) good luck!!

Matt, your cabinets looks in a fairly good condition, what functionality are you missing right now that you would like to have in the new kitchen? I'm from SoCal, I would love to come and take a closer look.

Here is two photos of contemporary dark and white cabinets with white subway tile

Congratulations on your new home. It's beautiful.

An oiled soapstone with a soapstone undermount sink would look good here with stained cabinets.

I believe it would fit your style more to take out the cabinets and the microwave over the stove and put the backsplash material up to the ceiling and do the same on the sink side. Because the grout lines are so prominent in the flooring I would suggest not applying a tile backsplash on the wall but putting full sheet goods on the backsplash. This will give you a cleaner look. A white marble would look good. Perhaps a sheet that has slight streaks of gray and brown. Either that or tempered glass that has been painted white on the back. A glass range hood would look good here.

I do not agree with painting the cabinets two different colors in this home. Staining would be fine or painting both the upper and lower cabinets a blackish hue. However if you painted them black I would suggest making the counters and backsplashes a solid white quartz.

Since the cabinet on the sink side to the right of the sink is lower, that could be raised to fit a microwave under it.

You may like Doug Mocket pulls: http://www.mockett.com/drawer-pulls-knobs-door-handles/metal

A stained glass piece using opalescent glass for everything except small borders or jewels would give you light during the day and some privacy at night. You could have one made that fit the window size. It should fit inside the sash molding if you want the window to be functional. Both copper foil and leaded were appropriate for the era.