I'm sure others more knowledgeable will chime in, but from lots of reading on here I've kind of filed away the following points. There are many different grades of MDF, some of it cheap and non-durable, some of it very strong, solid and long-lasting. For painted cabinets, MDF is often a better choice than wood, as it doesn't expand and contract, which cracks the paint. On shaker fronts, I think the flat panel is often MDF even if the rails and stiles are wood. In short, don't think of MDF and "lesser" off the bat.

My experience with my customers who have rental properties, they all do stained cabinets. Unless it is a more expensive rental, then they will paint. You could also look into thermofoil cabinets - they may be more durable than paint with rough renters...

Have you seen what happens when MDF gets wet? I would avoid it in areas with the potential for water-based accidents, which would include the kitchen.

For rentals I would avoid the MDF. There is no way in fixing it. If you still want white then purchase painted cabinets. with a touch up kit and or matching paint for the upkeep. I would do stained cabinets as well. There are many now available with modern styles that can also work well.