I've never seen an echeveria like this, but it's very beautiful. Do you know why the coloring looks that way?

It would appear to be a variegated Echeveria PVN

It’s a variegated Graptopetalum paraguaayense aka Ghost plant. Unfortunately that variegation is not natural and won’t last:(. I‘ve had one before and see them around the big box stores every once in awhile. They are pretty striking tho:).

They get this look by either starving the parts of the plant from light, while still exposing other parts of the plant to the sun. Supposedly the exposed bits keeps the plant from etiolating. The other way is feeding the plant chemicals so it’s lacks chlorophyll. It is interesting how the plant in the pic seems to be old, but I’m pretty sure this plant has been fed chemicals to look this way.

pics from online. See how the white grows out.

This pic from Reddit is of some very unnatural variegation.

I have had one succulent turn white from too much sun, but the whole plant turned white.

Emily, Biker, Kara -- Emily, it isn't mine, I was trying to ID for a friend. Thank you, Biker. don't know what PVN is though. Kara, this had been a start from the friend's mother, who had this plant already. Interesting that it's chemically produced. Looks so cool.

PvN is Echeveria Perle von Nurnberg. Quite easy to get plant, at least I have seen it in Garden centers. It has thinner and rounder leaves than op's plant, and is often more purplish-blue - of course, in proper light.