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Newbie NJ garden- need tips on wood chips/soil/compost layer order

6 years ago

Very new/inexperienced gardener here- trying to figure out how to use wood chips in our vegetable garden.


Any tips? Advice is genuinely appreciated!


I see a decent amount of info about wood chips online but I can’t find much about what order to put soil/wood chips/ compost and which layer to plant in.


We have a garden on the side of the yard near the driveway, it was an active garden a few years ago with flowers and plants. We had two trees taken down (oak I think) maybe 2-3 years ago which were made into wood chips which have been sitting on top of the garden, maybe 6-12+ inches deep.


I’m planning on setting up raised beds there.


Should I leave the wood chips under and put topsoil above, or remove the wood chips, plant in the soil and then put wood chips on top?


*We also have a lot of leaves which have been sitting since fall and a relatively small amount of mixed compost- mainly coffee, orange peels and apple cores.


I have a lot of cannellini, lentil and black bean plants, plus spinach, and tomatoes in my greenhouse, beans doing very well, other stuff is struggling but it has been cold. I plan on planing carrots, potatoes, lettuce, cucumbers, eggplants, onions, radishes, etc.








Comments (5)

  • 6 years ago

    If you want to plant this season, I would not incorporate the wood chips into the soil. Rake them off and save to use as a top dressing or mulch or to delineate pathways between the raised beds.

    And mix together the topsoil and the more or less 'finished' compost thoroughly to fill the beds.....no layering :-)

  • 6 years ago

    You generally want the wood chips on the top of the soil. When they mix in with the soil their process of breaking down will compete with your plants for nitrogen. They "tie up the nitrogen" meaning the wood chips are hoarding the nitrogen temporarily and will release it as the chips finish composting. So, I'd rake the chips to the side, Spread out the compost and work it into the soil. Plant your plants then spread the chips back down. Studies seem to show that they don't mess with the nitrogen so much when they are on top.

    But don't obsess about it, worst case scenario is they mix with the soil and you add a little nitrogen after your plants get established if they seem to need it.

    In my more established beds I do layer. I brush away any old mulch from around the plants, put down a layer of compost, then a layer of mulch on the top. There are already plenty of worms and soil biome to move that compost down into the soil.

  • 6 years ago

    It is my understanding that only green wood chips affect the nitrogen level, and only if they are dug into the soil in sizable numbers. In this case, the chips are two years old, and it looks like most of them have decomposed already. You can certainly rake them off and reuse them, but if some end up in the soil, don't sweat it.


    Where are you in NJ? I'm in Essex County, by Bloomfield/Montclair.

  • 6 years ago
    last modified: 6 years ago

    Wood chips don't hoard nitrogen. The bacteria and other microorganisms that feast on them do. Their microbial proteins contain that nitrogen, and those proteins are not useful nutrients for plants. When the food is gone, they die, and the nitrogen returns to the soil in usable form. This is true for any uncomposted organics that are dug into soil. If the chips are really already decomposed, no problem. Undecomposed organics are fine on top, because they aren't moist enough for the little beasties to form and suck up the nitrogen, and whatever is taken is taken from the top few millimeters only. Of course, they won't promptly decompose on top either.

  • 6 years ago

    Yes, as others have said the wood chips will go on the top, or rake them into their own pile on the side to decompose.


    However, at the bottom of those chips you may have some rich black compost - go ahead and turn that into the soil as you dig in to create your raised beds. Add more compost at the same time. Just adding the amendments and air into the existing soil will probably raise it about five inches.