My apple defoliated early this season from a bad case of CAR, I thought. A recurring problem the last few years. The fruit also had apple maggots. I picked all the apples off as they all had them, thinking it might break the cycle for next year. Would the defoliation have something to do with the maggots, or some other insect? The stems were left on the tree and just the leaves were lost so I suspect insect dining as I figure with a fungal problem the stems would go with the leaves, if trees reject the problem, I don't know. Does defoliation just happen to the the leaf surface usually?