You can always work around this to make something fit but what are you doing about the mirrors. I think a medicine cabinet just big enough to fit that space would not be one bit better than what you have in fact IMO the vanity has poor storage and the tower at least allows so reachable storage , as much as I dislike them .

I would like to paint the vanity, remove the tower, countertops, mirrors and overhead lights and replace with new countertops, recessed medicine cabinets for storage and new lighting. I’m also replacing the outdated flooring

Pipes and wiring in the wall might be a deterrent to putting in a recessed medicine cabinet.

BTW - I think the lighting is nice.

Most medicine cabinets recess about 4", so assuming there are no pipes running up the wall behind the mirrors, you should be ok. That said, I find that medicine cabinets don't really provide enough storage. If you're OK with that, my advice would be to put a large framed mirror over the vanities, then put a recessed medicine cabinet on both wing walls.

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It might be worth springing for a newer vanity with much better balance of drawers and cabinets.

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But as for what does or doesn't allow for recessed cabinets, it's mostly what is in the wall. Things that can interfere with recessing: exterior wall (needs insulation), large plumbing or ducts running inside the wall where you need the cabinet to go, pocket door that slides into this wall. Wiring can usually just be moved over, but something like the air vent for a waste line or a furnace would be the end. What's behind this wall?

I honestly don't understand "medicine cabinets don't hold enough stuff, so better to have no storage in that spot"! I mean, it's still more?! Honestly, 85% of what I use is kept in my medicine cabinet -- deoderant, pills, contact solutions, face creams, etc. So much more convenient than below-waist storage. But you need a nice big one.

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The majority of items I use are in a drawer or below the sink. The biggest storage issue with getting rid of tower is how to store electric razor and toothbrushes. That’s why I thought a recessed medicine cabinet with electric over each sink would open up the space. The wall behind vanity is staircase leading to 2nd floor.
My other option would be to find another tower that is taller and narrower. And to put can lights with frame mirrors over sinks.
I appreciate your comments and advice

I agree with acm, if you're buying all new - except for the vanity, then why not buy a vanity that has more drawer storage.

In my recessed medicine cabinet, I have my facial moisturizer, facial cleanser, deodorant, toothpaste and a few hair products. My husband has pretty much the same things in his cabinet. There isn't space for anything else.

Electric under sink with Roll-out.

That is fantastic, thank you!