Plumbing a proper trap under a sink isn't particularly difficult, but there are lots of rules that must be followed. It sounds like you may be getting in over your head.

What I'm wanting to do is to stub it out better for when my father arrives who has lots of plumbing experience (and isn't available right now). I'm assuming that I just slip on a piece over what little is sticking out right now.

You’re assuming incorrectly. You need an actual plumber. Your cabinet installer did not have to cut that back that far and that may cause issues with a coupling for the uninitiated. If not this time, the next time someone decides to replace things.

Yes, you do "just slip on a piece over what little is sticking out right now", however, you have to know what that piece is. A connector? A 45*? A 22.5*? You have to know where you're going in order to get there.

Yea. Probably better to install the sink first. I just wanted to assure that what you guys see in the photo will not cause a problem when it comes time to plumb--aka will NO require cutting of the cabinet or anything.

Let us know what your father suggests.

Nash-

There are three possibilities:

1) It will be fine.

2) It won't be fine, and you'll have to cut into the back of the cabinet some more.

3) You'll have to uninstall the cabinet to get access to the wall.

I think the third option is unlikely but, unfortunately, I don't think there is anything more to do at this point until someone with plumbing skills shows up.

It will be fine; there's plenty of stub.

You need a professional plumber for that to avoid problems. DIY is not recommended.

You'll just use something like this p-trap kit. The "marvel thread-to-glue adapter" (or similar) is glued to the pipe that extends from the wall. The the horizontal pipe (which may need to be shortened) connects to the p-trap and is pushed into the adapter. The tail pipe that extends downward from the sink drain is then pushed into other end of the p-trap. Various slip nuts are tightened to connect the parts together and prevent leakage.

You need a "professional plumber". You need a "licensed electrician". You need Michelle "Impending Doom" Wollensky to tell you to mask up. Why do so many houzz commenters think everyone is too stupid to be able to do things for themselves?

@wdccruise, basically this right? https://www.lowes.com/pd/Charlotte-Pipe-1-1-2-in-ABS-Trap-Apt-Nuts/1003028202?cm_mmc=shp--c--prd--plb--google--lia--142--indoordrainage--1003028202-_-0&placeholder=null&ds_rl=1286981&gclid=Cj0KCQjwhr2FBhDbARIsACjwLo1HREzfsqhVLqi1rHARKJIVI4WIUYIYyBS__gBW8OJXBAhP94xjS6QaApNvEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds