Hard to tell, but hawthorns got their name for a reason.

I guess I always think of Hawthorns as having thorns just on twigs. They have them on main trunks and large branches as well?

The thorns look very tame for Crataegus. Perhaps a Zanthoxylum species, Texas has at least 3 prickly ash species? Aralia spinosa also has thorns on the trunk.

Hawthowns have wicked thorns that can easily poke you in the eye if you're not careful. Probaby an adaptation to ward off extinct megafauna.

These are single long thorns sticking out of the trunk. Not clusters of thorns. I do see pictures of those in Zanthoxylum. https://www.jeffpippen.com/plants/zanthoxylum.htm. Betcha that's it. Thanks.