In Denver, CO

Hi Grace . I manage about 50 apple trees in Texas. It’s hard to give you an exact answer because of the pictures and I don’t know your soil type, fertilizer regiment, or if you follow an IPM (integrated pest management) plan. The damage to the apples look like distinctive hail strikes. The leaves behind the apples look like hail damage as well. Typically bird pecks won’t make a such a perfect circle. We have quite a bit of hail in Texas and we cut the damaged apples off to allow the energy, carbohydrates and sugars to go into the non-damaged apples.

If you don’t have any white fuzz on your leaves, then it’s not powdery mildew. If you rub the leaf with your hand, it will come off almost like baby powder. Has anybody around your property (neighbor or a landscape company) used any glyphosate, a.k.a. round up? The spray drift can travel quite a distance, and typically affects the parts of the apple trees or plants that are most exposed, like new growth. It can give a distinctive white appearance to new leaves. The link below is a good reference.

https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/glyphosate_damage_in_apple_and_cherry_orchards

If you’re positive nobody in the area has used any round up, and you have heavy soil, iron chlorosis is also a suspect. That will typically turn the new growth light green to pale yellow or white in extreme situations.

https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/chlorosis/

I wonder why this post didn't show up earlier....

The marks on the apples look like bird or squirrel damage to me, where they ate from the apples without removing them from the tree.

The light yellow leaves look like a nutrient problem to me, and your mention of an odor makes me think you might have a drainage problem that's causing it. When was this tree planted?