Most of the herbs want really good sun. Some of them - like basil - resent even light shade. There are a few that are considered shade tolerant - but even those won't do well in really dense shade. However, the dappled shade from a high free is OK. So it depends more on the exposure and on how much shade the tree is producing at ground level than on anything else.

Some herbs that do well in dappled shade are chervil, most of the mints, lemon balm, and sweetgrass. The mints and lemon balm are actually preferred in containers because they can spread aggressively via their roots if grown in the ground. Also, keep in mind that lemon balm is a heavy seeder = it will spread beyond the container and show up in places where it is not wanted.

Green onions (allium fistulosum) or chives may tolerate some shade. Mint will, too, but it is also aggressive and greedy for water.

I like oregano or thyme companions to fruit trees, but only if they are going to get a fair bit of direct sun.

In the ground near fruit trees I like rosemary or lavender as they are great bee forages, but get too big to companion plant in containers.

This type of question has been asked here before a number of times over the years - search the back posts. The consensus has always been that it is not advised to underplant potted trees for a variety of reasons.

FataMorgana