No particular book that I know that has all the basic detail you are seeking but there are many good books on seed saving. Seed to Seed: Seed Saving and Growing Techniques for Vegetable Gardeners by Suzanne Ashworth is well known and covers vegetables well and Saving Seeds: The Gardener's Guide to Growing and Storing Vegetable and Flower Seeds (A Down-to-Earth Gardening Book) by Marc Rogers is also highly recognized as good. All the FAQ's on this forum (see link below) is as good as a book. ;)

All blooming plants will produce seeds and the seeds will always be contained in the core of the bloom itself. They may not all be viable - some may not have been adequately pollinated, some varieties are hybrids and either sterile of won't breed true, some seeds will be immature and so won't sprout (that's why you wait to harvest until the bloom is dry and brown), and some will be very small and hard to tell the seed from the bloom dross (just plant both). But if you have a variety you really like, it never hurts to harvest the bloom heads and plant them. You'll often get a nice surprise. ;)

Hope this helps.

Dave

Here is a link that might be useful: Seed Saving FAQ's