It sounds like one of three things:

1) Is the p-trap on the drain stand pipe very close to the opening?

2) Is there a blockage in the drain pipe?

3) Since you mentioned your drain hose barely reaches, maybe it does not reach far enough into the drain pipe or is at an angle in the pipe so the first surge of drain water splashes off the side of the drain pipe, but stops when the water flow slows a bit. You could shorten the standpipe or purchase a longer drain hose.

It sounds as though the vent associated with the standpipe is obstructed preventing air in the drain line from escaping as it is initially displaced by the draining water.

Another possibility is that you could have a partial obstruction in the standpipe trap or in the drain line to which the standpipe is connected. Although, if this were the case, you'd be more likely to see the water drain initially, then spray out as the line backs up.

Try snaking out the vent pipe (which you'll have to do from the roof). If that doesn't solve the problem, then snake the drain line.

Also, check your washer drain hose to be sure it isn't kinked anywhere allowing pressure to build up as it begins pumping out water. You might also try rearranging the hose where it enters the standpipe. Try turning the inverted "J" on the end of the hose so it's hanging on the opposite side of the standpipe. It may just be angled peculiarly, causing the initial blast of water to spray out.

You can get a manual snake (a 12 footer should be sufficient) from your local home center. If yours is a newly constructed house, contact your builder and get him to sort it out.