That's a waterjet marble mosaic. Here's a 12" x 12" sheet of something similar.

A fine jet of water is used to make precise computer-templated cuts into stone or glass, etc..., and then the pieces are glued into the desired pattern, usually on a mesh backing. These tiles often start in the $40/sf range and go up from there depending on the materials used, the complexity of the design, and whether they are "designer" tiles. To be used well, as in your inspiration image, they have to be the star of the space surrounded by completely motion-less counters and cabinets.