I bought hardwired, no-battery smoke detectors specifically to prevent low-battery warnings in the middle of the night (my condo is all-electric so the change of a nighttime fire is low but the detectors do tweet for a short while when the power goes off). The smoke detectors came with dust covers to protect them from dust-producing events so perhaps you could just wrap plastic bags around your detectors while you're working to prevent them from going off.

My smokes have a "Snooze Alarm" which was very handy when they were using concrete saws to cut through a wall in my house. Look to see if yours has a silence button.

Wrap it with tape and plastic.

Many detectors come with little "shower caps" out of the box to keep them clean during construction.

Keep them covered. They shouldn't be installed prior to completion of construction. Cuts in materials made of MDF or fiber cores create a ton of dust.