Carpet is the most affordable flooring you can get in many cases. Was there a reason you wanted carpet tiles instead of just going back with new rolls of carpet? Is this something you wanted to install yourself? There are a lot of flooring options these days that are fairly easy for a DIYer to install if you watch enough YouTube videos. The interlocking LVP comes to mind as a first choice. The carpet tiles could have some edge adhesion issues, but if you're satisfied with the look of them, there is no reason not to try it.

Carpet is nasty, any cleanable surface is healthier and easier maintenance. Although I don't know what the under-layment they used is, if it was me, I'd remove it also. Then go with a standard floor system.

Are you in an apartment or condo? That looks like a sound deadening board or similar. Drill a hole in a corner and see what's underneath. You can probably put any floating floor over it.

I've used carpet tiles, but you might have issues getting a smooth transition where they'd butt up to that other floor.

If this is a condo (apartment) then you might not be allowed to leave the floor bare. The noise reduction the carpet (actually the pad is what has the noise rating) provides is part and parcel of your space. To remove carpet is one thing. Most condo boards (or HOA's) REQUIRE a floor covering that is EQUAL to carpet.