It would be easiest to go to your local nursery (not national chain) with a sample of each of the leaves, and if available, blossoms. Put each sample in a small zip-top plastic bag, to avoid taking possible insect or other contaminants to the plant nursery. The horticulturalist on staff will be able to answer all of your questions.

You could do a throw, but I would remove a couple of the pillows if you do. Are you taking down the verticals? Not red, I would do a taupe or beige - something neutral.

First is a rose -- probably a wild and/or climbing rose so you may want to plant it in front of a trellis; second pic are yuccas -- they need lots of sun; third is a peony; fourth is a rose -- quite likely a knock out rose. If you put soapy dishwater in a plastic spray bottle ($1 from Dollar Tree or empty window cleaner spray bottle) and spray it on any aphids, that may get rid of them if they're not too bad yet; otherwise, you may need house and garden bug spray or spray for a specific pest. I've found that the best time to transplant almost anything is actually in the spring. You sacrifice the blooms for that year but you get spring rain and a natural growth inclination that results in healthy plants for the future. A yucca plant or a rose in front of a window is a anti-burglary measure. The Peony will likely do best with at least the morning sun. If it doesn't get enough sun it will not bloom. One thing about a Peony -- do NOT kill the ants that are attracted to the buds; they're needed to eat the sweet sticky away from the petals to let the blooms open. The Peony can be moved any time after it finishes blooming. An aloe plant will likely transplant well any time of year even if you don't get all the root as long as you get as much as you can. In fact, if you leave enough root, another will likely come up from the root.

I owe everyone an apology for not updating you about the countertop. The company replaced the top and it matches perfectly. However, I am afraid we will never know what the stains were. When the installers replaced the top they had to break the original into very large pieces. I ask them to cut the top near the stain but the refused to. We are very pleased with the new top (stain free)