That could be part of the footing, they must have dug down to gain extra ceiling height. As the water goes, check the grade outside make sure it's not back-pitched and slopes away from the foundation, make sure gutters don't overflow, and extend leaders away from the foundation.

If everything looks OK outside the water you getting could be caused by the high water table, etc... In any case, it's hard to tell from one picture more information needed like what type of soil it is, etc.

I’m not sure of the soil type but I’m almost positive it’s ground water Only floods after a real heavy rain, which unfortunately here in NE Pennsylvania we’ve had a couple times only the past year. I plan on installing another sump pump basin in the one corner where it gets bad but that involves moving the water heater. Debating if I should think about putting in an underground system tying in to the new sump basin. I‘ll end up running in to a potential issue because my oil tank is song the problem wall and there isn’t an option to moving that.

Can't really see much and get scale from the pic, but It appears to be tooled, not formed, and in an older house foundation, something in the foreground sticking up too. Many an old house with brick foundations did not even have footings. Sometimes the plumbing was run against the walls, and covered with mortar later.

The first place to start with water problems is outside as mentioned.