Sorry to hear about the cracked countertop. Yes, certainly the island can have a different countertop, and the island cabs can be painted a different color than the other cabs. A lighter grout line the color of the tile would update the floor - use a mold & mildew cleaner and when dry apply a grout colorant paint/Grout Refresh.

I'm hoping the photos are skewing some of the colors, because they show some colors that don't really look good next to each other. You can certainly have a different counter type on the island, but you already have a lot going on. Before making any changes, I would try to consult with a designer to try to come up with a plan to unify the overall look of the kitchen.

"...but water damage from the sink has cracked the granite on the island." Sounds like a failed reinforcement rod. Pictures please.

Engineered stone isn't ever rodded, however, that doesn't mean sinks aren't installed improperly in it.

I agree^^^ a solid tip will be better if the island face has to stay

IMO there is no material better than granite for counters so I think you had some kind of failure in the install that is the only way water from the sink could have possibly cracked a material that has withstood water for 1000s of years I think the mosaic tile you show is very dated and I never like mixing real and fake stone together . I need to see the whole kitchen please .Right now on my monitor none of these go together

@Joseph Corlett, LLC pics included

@Joseph Corlett, LLC pics included

@felizlady and @thinkdesignlive thanks for the feedback. No plans to change the entire countertop or backsplash now. As for colors, the pic of the countertop with backsplash shows true color of the granite compared to the island pic. I'm not too worried about matching with the paint since that can be easily modified after the island is taken care of. Leaning towards something like the Taga pic posted by @BeverlyFLADeziner and wondering if that would work if I kept the countertop, backsplash as is and possibly the mosaic too

Although the small crack looks like the beginning of a rod failure, I can't imagine why anyone would rod that closely to a seam. That seam could be done over fairly inconspicuously.