Well i hope you have figured it out already, since the situation sounded a bit dire. Where did you buy the bamboo? Can you call them and see if they have any spare containers you could use, while you look for permanent ones? Ime, looking for good large containers can take a while. And if you can't call the seller, try any nursery or landscaper, they may have large spare pots. Good luck!! I have never grown bamboo but I would think it would be a tough plant.

A photo might help with ideas. For a temporary container solution, I use large plastic bags to hold the rootball of large plants until they can be properly potted/planted. Pellet bags work great, but if you need something larger go with leaf/garbage bags or just loosely wrap the rootball in a large sheet of plastic or fabric -- like a shower curtain. If it needs more structure, just put the wrapped rootball into a large box. Then keep in a protected shady area until properly potted/planted. I've held some perennials for more than a month like this, when necessary.

Have you considered galvanized metal stock tanks? With a few extra drainage holes, these make great planters for bamboo, come in a range of shapes and sizes and are far cheaper than intended decorative planters.

They are good for a lot of other garden uses as well, including raised beds.

Whatever you plant it in must have holes in the bottom for drainage. It sounds like what you re-potted it into didn't have holes.