My house has an unfinished poured concrete basement. I've had to remediate some of the tie rod holes that were leaking. Everything is holding up nicely.

There are some water stains on a few portions of the walls so I'd like to repaint them.

Initially I thought "no big deal". Then when I finally got serious and looked into it I realized the "paint" was some sort of "cement like" paint or sealant? (I probably have that description wrong.)

I've pasted a picture of the sump pump drain pipe (it clearly shows the paint and its thickness) with the material sprayed(?) on it.

There were a couple places where the previous owners had also plugged tie rod holes. They've also held up nicely and they too are painted over with the same material that is matched (fairly well in color) to the original material.

With the exception of where it was leaking, all of the material is clean and adhering to the walls. Nothing is flaking off or bubbling up from behind.

I've done some searching on the web and haven't found any videos that directly address my situation. The web search results were primarily dealing with concrete block or even brick foundations. When a poured foundation was mentioned, the paint they use doesn't appear to resemble the material that is currently there. I also went to HD but there was no one in the paint section that could identify this. They're usually pretty good at this but there were very few people working there.

Here's what I'm thinking and uncertain about:

1. It looks like I have to "paint" the patched tie rod holes with the same material in order to give it a "uniform" finish.
2. What is this material?
3. Then when I repaint the entire basement, do I have to use this same material?
4. Is there primer involved in any of this?
5. Does this have to be sprayed on?

Your insights will be greatly appreciated.