Use these measurements...called a "saddle" stool.

Ok. I already have that and I guess I need to keep that type of stool then.

In my case, the available countertop overhang is about half of what shows in that drawing.

No style of seating is going to change the length of a person's thighs.

I would definitely go with the round stool style that doesn't have a back. You could get adjustable ones if you're worried about height. https://seremodeling.com/how-high-are-kitchen-counters

Maybe stools like this:

Or else no stools at all and just make it a standing bar.

I’d do a swivel stool with no back.

IMO 12" is the min for overhang if you want stools so I would say if that is not possible no stools

^ agree

I have these with my 12” overhang and they are quite comfortable though maybe too modern for some.

https://www.dwr.com/kitchen-dining-bar-counter-stools/onda-stool/100088215.html?lang=en_US&msclkid=a913ad50b95713f1370cc7fd838a65df&utm_source=bing&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=Bing%20%7C%20Performance%20Max%20%7C%20General%20%7C%20Conversion&utm_term=2333713430345230&utm_content=Evergreen%20%7C%20Furniture%20%3E%20Kitchen%20%26%20Dining&gclid=a913ad50b95713f1370cc7fd838a65df&gclsrc=3p.ds&gad_source=7&gad_campaignid=22823853290

BTA that i agree with Patricia if you don't have 12” id leave the space clear of stools.