Every year, the same thing happens. The first real snowfall arrives, demand for de-icing materials spikes overnight, and the businesses that waited too long find themselves scrambling for supply at the worst possible moment. Facility managers, property owners, contractors, and municipalities all depend on a steady supply of salt and ice melt to keep their properties safe and operational through winter. The ones who plan ahead sail through. The ones who don't pay more, wait longer, and take on real risk. Sourcing de-icing materials well is not complicated, but it does require thinking ahead and understanding the options. The choices you make about what to buy, how to buy it, and who to buy it from have a direct effect on your costs, your reliability, and your ability to keep people safe when conditions turn dangerous. This article lays out what matters. Why Your Choice of Supplier Matters More Than You Think It is easy to treat de-icing material as a commodity, something you grab whenever you need it without much thought about where it comes from. That works fine until the moment it doesn't, usually in the middle of a storm when everyone needs supply at once and the casual sources have run dry. At that point, the relationships you built before the season become the difference between staying stocked and being stuck. Reliable supply is the whole game in winter operations. A property that runs out of ice melt during a storm faces safety hazards, liability exposure, and disruption, none of which can wait for a back-ordered shipment. This is why establishing relationships with dependable rock salt suppliers before the season starts is one of the smartest moves a facility manager or contractor can make. It locks in supply, often locks in better pricing, and removes a major source of mid-winter stress. The lesson here is to treat sourcing as a planning decision rather than a last-minute errand. The businesses that come through winter smoothly are almost always the ones that secured their supply chain early, chose suppliers who could actually deliver when it counted, and never had to gamble on finding material during a shortage. Reliability bought in advance is far cheaper than scarcity paid for in a crisis. Bagged or Bulk: Matching the Material to the Job One of the first practical decisions is whether to buy de-icing material in bags or in bulk, and the right answer depends entirely on the operation. Each format has clear advantages, and many operations end up using both for different purposes. Bagged material offers convenience, control, and easy storage. It is simple to handle, easy to distribute to different locations or crews, straightforward to store without special equipment, and convenient for spot application by hand. It suits smaller properties, businesses without bulk storage, and situations where portion control and tidiness matter. Bulk material, on the other hand, tends to make sense for large operations that go through high volumes, where buying in quantity lowers the per-unit cost and the operation has the equipment and space to store and handle it. The tradeoff is between the convenience and flexibility of bags and the volume economics of bulk. For many operations, the right approach is a mix: bulk for the high-volume core of the work and bags for flexibility, spot treatment, and locations where bulk handling is impractical. The key is to match the format to how the material will actually be stored, moved, and applied, rather than defaulting to one or the other out of habit. Thinking this through in advance avoids both the waste of over-buying bulk you can't handle and the expense of relying entirely on bags for a large operation. Rock Salt Is Not Your Only Option Rock salt, or sodium chloride, is the workhorse of winter de-icing for good reason. It is effective, widely available, and cost-efficient, which makes it the default choice for most operations most of the time. But it has limits, and understanding the alternatives helps you choose the right material for the conditions you actually face. The most important limitation is temperature. Rock salt becomes less effective as temperatures drop, and in genuinely cold conditions it can struggle to do the job at all. This is where alternatives come in. Calcium chloride, for instance, works at much lower temperatures than rock salt and acts quickly, which makes it valuable when conditions are severe or when fast melting matters. Operations that face hard freezes or need dependable performance in extreme cold often keep calcium chloride for sale on hand for exactly those situations, using it alongside rock salt rather than instead of it. The practical approach is to understand the conditions your property faces and stock accordingly. For many operations, rock salt handles the bulk of the work while a faster, colder-rated material like calcium chloride covers the extreme days when ordinary salt falls short. Matching the material to the temperature and the urgency of the situation is what separates an operation that stays ahead of winter from one that is constantly reacting to it. Securing Your Supply Before the Season Knowing what to buy is only half the equation. The other half is making sure you can actually get it when you need it, which means securing your supply before winter arrives rather than after it has already started. Timing is one of the most underrated factors in winter operations. The logic is simple. Demand for de-icing materials is highly seasonal and spikes sharply during storms, when everyone needs supply simultaneously. Prices and availability both move against the buyer at exactly those moments. By contrast, planning ahead, estimating your needs and arranging supply before the season, puts you in a far stronger position. Working with established rock salt suppliers ahead of time means your material is accounted for before the rush, often at better pricing and with the confidence that it will be there when the first storm hits. This kind of planning also lets you think clearly rather than react under pressure. You can estimate your seasonal needs based on your property and past winters, decide on the right mix of materials and formats, and arrange storage in advance. Operations that do this consistently spend less, worry less, and never find themselves making frantic calls during a storm. The effort of planning ahead is modest, and the payoff in reliability and cost savings is substantial. Storing and Handling What You Buy Securing supply is not much use if the material degrades before you can use it, which makes proper storage and handling an important and often overlooked part of the equation. De-icing materials are sensitive to moisture, and poor storage can turn a good supply into a clumped, hardened mess that is difficult to apply. The fundamentals are straightforward. Keep material dry and protected from moisture, since salt and ice melt readily absorb water and can harden if exposed. Store it in a way that suits the format, whether that means a proper bulk storage area or a dry space for stacked bags. Keep it accessible, so crews can get to it quickly when a storm hits and time is short. And handle it with the right equipment for the format and volume, which protects both the material and the people working with it. None of this is complicated, but neglecting it can undermine even a well-planned supply. Good storage practices protect the investment you made in securing supply early. There is little point in arranging your materials ahead of the season only to have them degrade before use. Treating storage and handling as part of the overall plan, rather than an afterthought, ensures that the material you secured is actually usable when the moment comes. It is the final link in a supply chain built to perform under winter conditions. Estimating How Much You Actually Need One question trips up operations of every size: how much de-icing material to buy. Order too little and you risk running short during a storm. Order too much and you tie up money and storage space in material you may not use. Getting the estimate reasonably right is a meaningful part of sourcing well. Several factors shape the answer. The size and type of the areas you treat, sidewalks, lots, entrances, and drive lanes, set the baseline for how much material each application consumes. The local climate matters too, since colder regions and those with frequent snowfall go through far more material than milder ones. Application frequency depends on how often storms hit and how quickly surfaces need to be cleared, which varies with the kind of property and the expectations of the people who use it. And the type of material plays a role, since different products are applied at different rates. Past experience is often the best guide. Operations that track what they used in previous winters, adjusted for the size of the property and the severity of the season, can estimate their needs with reasonable confidence. For newer operations without that history, it helps to plan conservatively and to work with a supplier who can replenish stock reliably, so that a low estimate does not turn into a mid-storm shortage. The goal is not perfect precision but a sound, slightly cautious estimate paired with a dependable supply relationship. That combination lets an operation keep enough material on hand to handle the season without over-committing to volume it cannot store or use. Thinking this through before winter, rather than guessing during it, is one more way that planning ahead pays off when the snow starts to fall. The Bottom Line Sourcing de-icing materials well comes down to a few straightforward principles: plan ahead, choose reliable suppliers before the season, match your materials and formats to your actual needs and conditions, and store what you buy properly. The operations that follow these principles move through winter with confidence, while those that improvise pay more and take on needless risk. Winter is predictable in one respect: it arrives every year, and demand for de-icing material spikes the moment it does. The businesses that prepare for that reality, rather than being surprised by it, are the ones that keep their properties safe, their costs controlled, and their operations running no matter what the season throws at them. A little foresight before the first snowfall pays off through every storm that follows.

We have had the pleasure of photographing this Hawaii hale multiple times, and it never fails to keep us in awe every time. Not only is it an expansive single-story floor plan, but it provides luxurious architectural detail that you don't always find in our Hawaiian homes. We hope you enjoy taking a photographic tour of this stunning property.

Green Home Systems recently completed a 10.89 kW solar panel installation project on Tullamore Ln in Ames, IA for their client Bradly R. Our team of experienced professionals went above and beyond to ensure that this project was completed on time and to our client's satisfaction. We are proud to share the success story of this project with all of our current and future clients! At Green Home Systems, we understand that making the transition to solar energy can be an intimidating process, which is why we strive to provide all of our clients with the best possible service. We offer competitive financing options for those looking to go solar, as well as our BBB accreditation which speaks volumes about our commitment to providing quality service. Additionally, we take the time to inspect all areas before beginning a project, ensuring that each job is done safely and securely. For this particular project, we worked with Bradly R., who wanted to make the switch from traditional electricity sources to a more eco-friendly option while also reducing his utility bill in the process. We chose sloped roof racking systems due to the unique terrain of the area and worked diligently over a couple months to complete the installation. By utilizing state-of-the-art equipment and highly trained technicians dedicated to completing each job efficiently, we were able to finish this project on time without compromising quality or safety standards. The results of our work speak for themselves! Not only did Bradly R.’s electricity bill decrease significantly after installing solar panels with us, he also saw an increase in his property value due to the upgrades made with energy efficient materials. Additionally, he was able to do his part for the environment by reducing his carbon footprint significantly by switching from traditional energy sources to solar energy. We are so thankful that Bradly R. chose Green Home Systems for this project and would like thank him for recommending us! He found us through an online search and was impressed with our craftsmanship and ability to complete projects on time. We are proud that our hard work has paid off and look forward continuing to provide top notch quality service in Sherman Oaks and beyond!

We have had the pleasure of photographing this Hawaii hale multiple times, and it never fails to keep us in awe every time. Not only is it an expansive single-story floor plan, but it provides luxurious architectural detail that you don't always find in our Hawaiian homes. We hope you enjoy taking a photographic tour of this stunning property.

We have had the pleasure of photographing this Hawaii hale multiple times, and it never fails to keep us in awe every time. Not only is it an expansive single-story floor plan, but it provides luxurious architectural detail that you don't always find in our Hawaiian homes. We hope you enjoy taking a photographic tour of this stunning property.

We have had the pleasure of photographing this Hawaii hale multiple times, and it never fails to keep us in awe every time. Not only is it an expansive single-story floor plan, but it provides luxurious architectural detail that you don't always find in our Hawaiian homes. We hope you enjoy taking a photographic tour of this stunning property.

We have had the pleasure of photographing this Hawaii hale multiple times, and it never fails to keep us in awe every time. Not only is it an expansive single-story floor plan, but it provides luxurious architectural detail that you don't always find in our Hawaiian homes. We hope you enjoy taking a photographic tour of this stunning property.

Putting up a sign in the yard and waiting for the right buyer to come along isn't always the easiest way to sell a house. The traditional process of selling your home can be slow, expensive and frustrating for many Springfield, OH homeowners. You may have to fix the house up, clean it out, show it, negotiate with buyers, wait for inspections, and hope the buyer's financing doesn't fall through. That can be a lot to manage, especially if you need to move quickly or work with a property that is no longer working for your situation. That’s why many homeowners now look for a faster option. If you want to sell your house fast for cash in Springfield, OH, then working with a local cash home buyer like Sell House Now Columbus can be a practical solution. The company works with homeowners in Columbus, Springfield and other parts of Ohio, providing a direct cash-buying process that helps sellers avoid repairs, agent commissions, closing delays and unnecessary stress. They buy houses as-is, and offer a simple selling process and possibly help with closing costs, according to the company’s website. Why Springfield, OH Homeowners Choose to Sell for Cash Every homeowner has their own reason for desiring a quick sale. Some are relocating for jobs and don’t have months to wait for a buyer.” Others may have inherited a property they don’t want to keep up. Some houses need a lot of work and the owner may not have the time, money or energy to do it all before listing. There are also situations of divorce, concerns about foreclosure, bad tenants, unpaid taxes, or simply a desire to move on without the hassle of a traditional sale. It makes sense to do a cash sale because it takes away a lot of the common roadblocks. Rather than waiting for mortgage approvals, appraisals, repair requests and lengthy negotiations, homeowners can receive a direct offer from a buyer who is ready, willing and able to purchase the property. At Sell House Now Columbus, sellers can request a fair cash offer and pick a closing timeline that suits them. The firm says homeowners can sell without agents, fees, repairs or cleaning, which can be a huge relief for anyone going through a stressful property situation. Selling as is No repairs or cleaning One of the biggest advantages of selling to a cash home buyer is the fact that you can sell the property as-is. This is good news because you don’t have to spend thousands of dollars on fixing the roof, replacing flooring, repainting walls, updating the kitchen, repairing plumbing or improving kerb appeal to attract buyers. Buyers expect the home to look clean, updated and move-in ready in traditional sales. Issues discovered during the inspection can force the seller to lower the price or pay for repairs prior to closing. An as-is cash sale is a different process. The purchaser is taking the property “as is” and is offering based on the current condition. Sell House Now, Columbus, states that sellers are spared the hassle of repairs, daily showings and cleaning. They also say that unwanted items can be left behind and dealt with after purchase. This can save time and money for Springfield homeowners confronted with an older house, damaged property, rental cleanup or inherited home full of belongings. No Real Estate Agent Fees or Hidden Commissions When you sell your home, conventional real estate agents eat up a huge portion of your final proceeds through commission fees. You might have closing costs, staging costs, repair costs, inspection-related costs, photography fees and other costs that eat into what you actually walk away with. After deducting all expenses the final number is much lower than expected for some sellers. A direct cash sale makes the numbers simple. “Sell House Now, Columbus says they don’t charge commissions and their process is designed to help homeowners avoid listing fees and agent-related expenses.” This provides sellers more clarity up front. Instead of guessing what the final payout might be after months of negotiations and deductions, you can review a cash offer and decide if it meets your needs. Faster Closing Timeline for Springfield Homeowners When you need to sell fast, time is of the essence. A traditional home sale can take weeks or even months, depending on market conditions, buyer financing, inspections, appraisals and negotiations. Once you’ve accepted an offer, there is always the risk that the buyer’s loan may be delayed or denied. Delays can add additional pressure to a homeowner who needs cash fast, who needs to stop paying taxes or utilities, or who needs to relocate soon. Cash buyers are often faster than traditional buyers because they don’t rely on bank financing. Sell House Now Columbus says their process offers a competitive cash offer, a simple experience and Sellers can pick their closing day. That flexibility can be helpful if you need to close quickly or if you need extra time to make your next move. You don’t have to follow someone else’s schedule but can choose a plan that works better for your circumstances. Who Can Use Selling For Cash? Is your property stressing you out? Is it costing you money every month? If so then selling your House for cash in Springfield OH may be a good option. It can help homeowners who are behind on payments, tired of being landlords, dealing with code violations, handling probate property, in need of costly repairs, or just ready for a clean break. It can also be a benefit to those who do not live near the property and do not want to travel back and forth to manage repairs, contractors, cleaning and showings. And the best part is you don’t need to have a perfect house. Cash buyers often see the property as an investment and are willing to do repairs after the sale. This makes it easier for sellers who are stuck with a dated, vacant, damaged, or otherwise hard-to-list property. How it works Generally, the process begins with a call to discuss the property in general terms. After reviewing those details, Sell House Now Columbus can assess the home and make a cash offer. If the offer interests you, you can pick a closing date that suits you. You don’t have to accept and the offer can help you explore your options before making a final decision. This approach gives control to homeowners. You don’t have to go through months of listings, open houses, questionable buyers or last-minute repair demands. You can look at the cash offer and see if it solves your problem. Summary If you need to Sell your House fast for cash in Springfield, OH then a direct cash sale might be the easiest path forward. It gives homeowners a way to avoid repairs, agent commissions, delays and stress. Whether you’re looking to sell an inherited property, a damaged home, a rental you no longer want, or a life change that requires a quick sale, Sell House Now Columbus provides a simple option for homeowners that want speed and convenience. Selling a house should be no more difficult than dragging a heavy box up hill. A good cash buyer can make the process a lot lighter, faster and easier to manage. If you are a homeowner in Springfield and want to get a fair cash offer and an easy solution, Sell House Now Columbus can make the next step a lot easier.

We have had the pleasure of photographing this Hawaii hale multiple times, and it never fails to keep us in awe every time. Not only is it an expansive single-story floor plan, but it provides luxurious architectural detail that you don't always find in our Hawaiian homes. We hope you enjoy taking a photographic tour of this stunning property.

We have had the pleasure of photographing this Hawaii hale multiple times, and it never fails to keep us in awe every time. Not only is it an expansive single-story floor plan, but it provides luxurious architectural detail that you don't always find in our Hawaiian homes. We hope you enjoy taking a photographic tour of this stunning property.

We have had the pleasure of photographing this Hawaii hale multiple times, and it never fails to keep us in awe every time. Not only is it an expansive single-story floor plan, but it provides luxurious architectural detail that you don't always find in our Hawaiian homes. We hope you enjoy taking a photographic tour of this stunning property.

We have had the pleasure of photographing this Hawaii hale multiple times, and it never fails to keep us in awe every time. Not only is it an expansive single-story floor plan, but it provides luxurious architectural detail that you don't always find in our Hawaiian homes. We hope you enjoy taking a photographic tour of this stunning property.

We have had the pleasure of photographing this Hawaii hale multiple times, and it never fails to keep us in awe every time. Not only is it an expansive single-story floor plan, but it provides luxurious architectural detail that you don't always find in our Hawaiian homes. We hope you enjoy taking a photographic tour of this stunning property.

This 1933 Wauwatosa basement was dark, dingy and lacked functionality. The basement was unfinished with concrete walls and floors. A small office was enclosed but the rest of the space was open and cluttered. The homeowners wanted a warm, organized space for their family. A recent job change meant they needed a dedicated home office. They also wanted a place where their kids could hang out with friends. Their wish list for this basement remodel included: a home office where the couple could both work, a full bathroom, a cozy living room and a dedicated storage room. This basement renovation resulted in a warm and bright space that is used by the whole family. Highlights of this basement: - Home Office: A new office gives the couple a dedicated space for work. There’s plenty of desk space, storage cabinets, under-shelf lighting and storage for their home library. - Living Room: An old office area was expanded into a cozy living room. It’s the perfect place for their kids to hang out when they host friends and family. - Laundry Room: The new laundry room is a total upgrade. It now includes fun laminate flooring, storage cabinets and counter space for folding laundry. - Full Bathroom: A new bathroom gives the family an additional shower in the home. Highlights of the bathroom include a navy vanity, quartz counters, brass finishes, a Dreamline shower door and Kohler Choreograph wall panels. - Staircase: We spruced up the staircase leading down to the lower level with patterned vinyl flooring and a matching trim color. - Storage: We gave them a separate storage space, with custom shelving for organizing their camping gear, sports equipment and holiday decorations. CUSTOMER REVIEW “We had been talking about remodeling our basement for a long time, but decided to make it happen when my husband was offered a job working remotely. It felt like the right time for us to have a real home office where we could separate our work lives from our home lives. We wanted the area to feel open, light-filled, and modern – not an easy task for a previously dark and cold basement! One of our favorite parts was when our designer took us on a 3D computer design tour of our basement. I remember thinking, ‘Oh my gosh, this could be our basement!?!’ It was so fun to see how our designer was able to take our wish list and ideas from my Pinterest board, and turn it into a practical design. We were sold after seeing the design, and were pleasantly surprised to see that Kowalske was less costly than another estimate.” – Stephanie, homeowner

Stuart Wade, Envision Virtual Tours The second-largest and most developed of Georgia's barrier islands, St. Simons is approximately twelve miles long and nearly three miles wide at its widest stretch (roughly the size of Manhattan Island in New York). The island is located in Glynn County on Georgia's coast and lies east of Brunswick (the seat of Glynn County), south of Little St. Simons Island and the Hampton River, and north of Jekyll Island. The resort community of Sea Island is separated from St. Simons on the east by the Black Banks River. Known for its oak tree canopies and historic landmarks, St. Simons is both a tourist destination and, according to the 2010 U.S. census, home to 12,743 residents. Early History The earliest St. Simons Island Village record of human habitation on the island dates to the Late Archaic Period, about 5,000 to 3,000 years ago. Remnants of shell rings left behind by Native Americans from this era survive on many of the barrier islands, including St. Simons. Centuries later, during the period known by historians as the chiefdom era, the Guale Indians established a chiefdom centered on St. Catherines Island and used St. Simons as their hunting and fishing grounds. By 1500 the Guale had established a permanent village of about 200 people on St. Simons, which they called Guadalquini. Beginning in 1568, the Spanish attempted to create missions along the Georgia coast. Catholic missions were the primary means by which Georgia's indigenous Native American chiefdoms were assimilated into the Spanish colonial system along the northern frontier of greater Spanish Florida. In the 1600s St. Simons became home to two Spanish missions: San Buenaventura de Guadalquini, on the southern tip of the island, and Santo Domingo de Asao (or Asajo), on the northern tip. Located on the inland side of the island were the pagan refugee villages of San Simón, the island's namesake, and Ocotonico. In 1684 pirate raids left the missions and villages largely abandoned. Colonial History As Fort Frederica early as 1670, with Great Britain's establishment of the colony of Carolina and its expansion into Georgia territory, Spanish rule was threatened by the English. The Georgia coast was considered "debatable land" by England and Spain, even though Spain had fully retreated from St. Simons by 1702. Thirty-one years later General James Edward Oglethorpe founded the English settlement of Savannah. In 1736 he established Fort Frederica, named after the heir to the British throne, Frederick Louis, prince of Wales, on the west side of St. Simons Island to protect Savannah and the Carolinas from the Spanish threat. Between 1736 and 1749 Fort Frederica was the hub of British military operations along the Georgia frontier. A town of the same name grew up around the fort and was of great importance to the new colony. By 1740 Frederica's population was 1,000. In 1736 the congregation of what would become Christ Church was organized within Fort Frederica as a mission of the Church of England. Charles Wesley led the first services. In 1742 Britain's decisive victory over Spain in the Battle of Bloody Marsh, during the War of Jenkins' Ear, ended the Spanish threat to the Georgia coast. When the British regimen disbanded in 1749, most of the townspeople relocated to the mainland. Fort Frederica went into decline and, except for a short time of prosperity during the 1760s and 1770s under the leadership of merchant James Spalding, never fully recovered. Today the historic citadel's tabby ruins are maintained by the National Park Service. Plantation Era By the start of the American Revolution (1775-83), Fort Frederica was obsolete, and St. Simons was left largely uninhabited as most of its residents joined the patriot army. Besides hosting a small Georgia naval victory on the Fort Frederica River, providing guns from its famous fort for use at Fort Morris in Sunbury, and serving as an arena for pillaging by privateers and British soldiers, the island played almost no role in the war. Following the war, many of the townspeople, their businesses destroyed, turned to agriculture. The island was transformed into fourteen cotton plantations after acres of live oak trees were cleared for farm land and used for building American warships, including the famous USS Constitution, or "Old Ironsides." Although rice was the predominant crop along the neighboring Altamaha River, St. Simons was known for its production of long-staple cotton, which soon came to be known as Sea Island cotton. Between Ebos Landing the 1780s and the outbreak of the Civil War (1861-65), St. Simons's plantation culture flourished. The saline atmosphere and the availability of cheap slave labor proved an ideal combination for the cultivation of Sea Island cotton. In 1803 a group of Ebo slaves who survived the Middle Passage and arrived on the west side of St. Simons staged a rebellion and drowned themselves. The sacred site is known today as Ebos Landing. One of the largest owners of land and slaves on St. Simons was Pierce Butler, master of Hampton Point Plantation, located on the northern end of the island. By 1793 Butler owned more than 500 slaves, who cultivated 800 acres of cotton on St. Simons and 300 acres of rice on Butler's Island in the Altamaha River delta. Butler's grandson, Pierce Mease Butler, who at the age of sixteen inherited a share of his grandfather's estate in 1826, was responsible for the largest sale of human beings in the history of the United States: in 1859, to restore his squandered fortune, he sold 429 slaves in Savannah for more than $300,000. The British actress and writer Fanny Kemble, whose tumultuous marriage to Pierce ended in divorce in 1849, published an eyewitness account of the evils of slavery on St. Simons in her book Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838-1839 (1863). Another Retreat Plantation large owner of land and slaves on St. Simons was Major William Page, a friend and employee of Pierce Butler Sr. Before purchasing Retreat Plantation on the southwestern tip of the island in 1804, Page managed the Hampton plantation and Butler's Island. Upon Page's death in 1827, Thomas Butler King inherited the land together with his wife, Page's daughter, Anna Matilda Page King. King expanded his father-in-law's planting empire on St. Simons as well as on the mainland, and by 1835 Retreat Plantation alone was home to as many as 355 slaves. The center of life during the island's plantation era was Christ Church, Frederica. Organized in 1807 by a group of island planters, the Episcopal church is the second oldest in the Diocese of Georgia. Embargoes imposed by the War of 1812 (1812-15) prevented the parishioners from building a church structure, so they worshiped in the home of John Beck, which stood on the site of Oglethorpe's only St. Simons residence, Orange Hall. The first Christ Church building, finished on the present site in 1820, was ruined by occupying Union troops during the Civil War. In 1884 the Reverend Anson Dodge Jr. rebuilt the church as a memorial to his first wife, Ellen. The cruciform building with a trussed gothic roof and stained-glass windows remains active today as Christ Church. Civil War and Beyond The St. Simons Island Lighthouse outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 put a sudden end to St. Simons's lucrative plantation era. In January of that year, Confederate troops were stationed at the south end of the island to guard the entrance to Brunswick Harbor. Slaves from Retreat Plantation, owned by Thomas Butler King, built earthworks and batteries. Plantation residents were scattered—the men joined the Confederate army and their families moved to the mainland. Cannon fire was heard on the island in December 1861, and Confederate troops retreated in February 1862, after dynamiting the lighthouse to keep its beacon from aiding Union troops. Soon thereafter, Union troops occupied the island, which was used as a camp for freed slaves. By August 1862 more than 500 former slaves lived on St. Simons, including Susie King Taylor, who organized a school for freed slave children. But in November the ex-slaves were taken to Hilton Head, South Carolina, and Fernandina, Florida, leaving the island abandoned. After the Civil War the island never returned to its status as an agricultural community. The plantations lay dormant because there were no slaves to work the fields. After Union general William T. Sherman's January 1865 Special Field Order No. 15 —a demand that former plantations be divided and distributed to former slaves—was overturned by U.S. president Andrew Johnson less than a year later, freedmen and women were forced to work as sharecroppers on the small farms that dotted the land previously occupied by the sprawling plantations. By St. Simons Lumber Mills 1870 real economic recovery began with the reestablishment of the timber industry. Norman Dodge and Titus G. Meigs of New York set up lumber mill operations at Gascoigne Bluff, formerly Hamilton Plantation. The lumber mills provided welcome employment for both blacks and whites and also provided mail and passenger boats to the mainland. Such water traffic, together with the construction of a new lighthouse in 1872, designed by architect Charles B. Cluskey, marked the beginning of St. Simons's tourism industry. The keeper of the lighthouse created a small amusement park, which drew many visitors, as did the seemingly miraculous light that traveled from the top of the lighthouse tower to the bottom. The island became a summer retreat for families from the mainland, particularly from Baxley, Brunswick, and Waycross. The island's resort industry was thriving by the 1880s. Beachfront structures, such as a new pier and grand hotel, were built on the southeastern end of the island and could be accessed by ferry. Around this time wealthy northerners began vacationing on the island. Twentieth Century The St. Simons Island Pier and Village opening in 1924 of the Brunswick–St. Simons Highway, today known as the Torras Causeway, was a milestone in the development of resorts in the area. St. Simons's beaches were now easily accessible to locals and tourists alike. More than 5,000 automobiles took the short drive from Brunswick to St. Simons via the causeway on its opening day, paving the way for convenient residential and resort development. In 1926 automotive pioneer Howard Coffin of Detroit, Michigan, bought large tracts of land on St. Simons, including the former Retreat Plantation, and constructed a golf course, yacht club, paved roads, and a residential subdivision. Although the causeway had brought large numbers of summer people to the island, St. Simons remained a small community with only a few hundred permanent residents until the 1940s. The St. Simons Island outbreak of World War II (1941-45) brought more visitors and residents to St. Simons. Troops stationed at Jacksonville, Florida; Savannah; and nearby Camp Stewart took weekend vacations on the island, and a new naval air base and radar school became home to even more officers and soldiers. The increased wartime population brought the island its first public school. With a major shipyard for the production of Liberty ships in nearby Brunswick, the waters of St. Simons became active with German U-boats. In April 1942, just off the coast, the Texas Company oil tanker S. S. Oklahoma and the S. S. Esso Baton Rouge were torpedoed by the Germans, bringing the war very close to home for island residents. Due in large part to the military's improvement of the island's infrastructure during the war, development on the island boomed in the 1950s and 1960s. More permanent homes and subdivisions were built, and the island was no longer just a summer resort but also a thriving community. In 1950 the Methodist conference and retreat center Epworth by the Sea opened on Gascoigne Bluff. In 1961 novelist Eugenia Price visited St. Simons and began work on her first works of fiction, known as the St. Simons Trilogy. Inspired by real events on the island, Price's trilogy renewed interest in the history of Georgia's coast, and the novelist herself relocated to the island in 1965 and lived there for thirty-one years. St. Simons is also home to contemporary Georgia writer Tina McElroy Ansa. Since Epworth by the Sea 1980 St. Simons's population has doubled. The island's continued status as a vacation destination and its ongoing development boom have put historic landmarks and natural areas at risk. While such landmarks as the Fort Frederica ruins and the Battle of Bloody Marsh site are preserved and maintained by the National Park Service, and while the historic lighthouse is maintained by the Coastal Georgia Historical Society, historic Ebos Landing has been taken over by a sewage treatment plant. Several coastal organizations have formed in recent years to save natural areas on the island. The St. Simons Land Trust, for example, has received donations of large tracts of land and plans to protect property in the island's three traditional African American neighborhoods. Despite its rapid growth and development, St. Simons remains one of the most beautiful and important islands on the Georgia coast.

This homeowner has long since moved away from his family farm but still visits often and thought it was time to fix up this little house that had been neglected for years. He brought home ideas and objects he was drawn to from travels around the world and allowed a team of us to help bring them together in this old family home that housed many generations through the years. What it grew into is not your typical 150 year old NC farm house but the essence is still there and shines through in the original wood and beams in the ceiling and on some of the walls, old flooring, re-purposed objects from the farm and the collection of cherished finds from his travels. Photos by Tad Davis Photography

This renovated brick rowhome in Boston’s South End offers a modern aesthetic within a historic structure, creative use of space, exceptional thermal comfort, a reduced carbon footprint, and a passive stream of income. DESIGN PRIORITIES. The goals for the project were clear - design the primary unit to accommodate the family’s modern lifestyle, rework the layout to create a desirable rental unit, improve thermal comfort and introduce a modern aesthetic. We designed the street-level entry as a shared entrance for both the primary and rental unit. The family uses it as their everyday entrance - we planned for bike storage and an open mudroom with bench and shoe storage to facilitate the change from shoes to slippers or bare feet as they enter their home. On the main level, we expanded the kitchen into the dining room to create an eat-in space with generous counter space and storage, as well as a comfortable connection to the living space. The second floor serves as master suite for the couple - a bedroom with a walk-in-closet and ensuite bathroom, and an adjacent study, with refinished original pumpkin pine floors. The upper floor, aside from a guest bedroom, is the child's domain with interconnected spaces for sleeping, work and play. In the play space, which can be separated from the work space with new translucent sliding doors, we incorporated recreational features inspired by adventurous and competitive television shows, at their son’s request. MODERN MEETS TRADITIONAL. We left the historic front facade of the building largely unchanged - the security bars were removed from the windows and the single pane windows were replaced with higher performing historic replicas. We designed the interior and rear facade with a vision of warm modernism, weaving in the notable period features. Each element was either restored or reinterpreted to blend with the modern aesthetic. The detailed ceiling in the living space, for example, has a new matte monochromatic finish, and the wood stairs are covered in a dark grey floor paint, whereas the mahogany doors were simply refinished. New wide plank wood flooring with a neutral finish, floor-to-ceiling casework, and bold splashes of color in wall paint and tile, and oversized high-performance windows (on the rear facade) round out the modern aesthetic. RENTAL INCOME. The existing rowhome was zoned for a 2-family dwelling but included an undesirable, single-floor studio apartment at the garden level with low ceiling heights and questionable emergency egress. In order to increase the quality and quantity of space in the rental unit, we reimagined it as a two-floor, 1 or 2 bedroom, 2 bathroom apartment with a modern aesthetic, increased ceiling height on the lowest level and provided an in-unit washer/dryer. The apartment was listed with Jackie O'Connor Real Estate and rented immediately, providing the owners with a source of passive income. ENCLOSURE WITH BENEFITS. The homeowners sought a minimal carbon footprint, enabled by their urban location and lifestyle decisions, paired with the benefits of a high-performance home. The extent of the renovation allowed us to implement a deep energy retrofit (DER) to address air tightness, insulation, and high-performance windows. The historic front facade is insulated from the interior, while the rear facade is insulated on the exterior. Together with these building enclosure improvements, we designed an HVAC system comprised of continuous fresh air ventilation, and an efficient, all-electric heating and cooling system to decouple the house from natural gas. This strategy provides optimal thermal comfort and indoor air quality, improved acoustic isolation from street noise and neighbors, as well as a further reduced carbon footprint. We also took measures to prepare the roof for future solar panels, for when the South End neighborhood’s aging electrical infrastructure is upgraded to allow them. URBAN LIVING. The desirable neighborhood location allows the both the homeowners and tenant to walk, bike, and use public transportation to access the city, while each charging their respective plug-in electric cars behind the building to travel greater distances. OVERALL. The understated rowhouse is now ready for another century of urban living, offering the owners comfort and convenience as they live life as an expression of their values. Eric Roth Photo

Beautiful Home for Sale Near Boquete is the Perfect Panama Real Estate Emerald Drive subdivision is located in El Frances, about 20 km (12 miles) south of downtown Boquete at the midpoint between Boquete and David. This beautiful split level open concept home features all-tiled 3 bedroom, 2.5 bathrooms, a carport for 2-cars and sits on a 1,000m² (.25 acre). It is bounded on the back and sides by a rock wall. Total construction size is 260m², as follows: According to title Open construction area 62m² (667sf²); includes huge partially enclosed tiled and covered back terrace and front carport alongside a huge tiled and stylish veranda. Closed construction area 177m2 (1,905ft²) for the internal living area Added 2 years ago External cement pad with river rock exterior attached to house 5.639m X 3.658m or 21m² (18.5ft X 12ft or 222ft²) for utility storage/backup water tank & filtration system Bedrooms and Bathrooms Back and middle bedrooms come with custom made storage cabinets, drawers and clothes closets. Master Bedroom – 4.724m X 3.912m (15’6” X 12’10”) with 24,000BTU split unit A/C Master Bedroom walk-in closet – 4.267m X 2.235m (7’4” X 14’) with 4 custom made clothes closets, drawers and storage shelves. Master Bathroom – 4.267m X 2.667 (8’9”x14’) with glass enclosed shower, garden style tub, 2 sink vanity and custom made cabinets and drawers Back Bedroom – 3.454m X 3.962m (11’4” X 13’) Middle Bedroom – 3.962m X 3.327m (13’ X 10’11”) Middle Bathroom – 1.956m X 3.937m (6’5” X 12’11”); all tile floor and vanity, custom made cabinets and drawers, huge open walk-in tiled shower. Ceiling was recently replaced with stylish PVC. Living Room, Kitchen, and Dining Room Open concept with a 2-step down split level from living to dining room (and a single step down to back bedrooms). The living room and dining room are separated by tastefully placed columns. The living room and dining room feature custom made drapes. The living room has a 36,000BTU inverter split unit that cools most of the house when needed. The kitchen was completely remodeled about 6 months ago with custom designed cabinets, all-tiled counter tops, and an over-the-stove smoke extractor ventilated to the outside. In addition, ceiling was replaced with stylish PVC. The kitchen features a Samsung French-style refrigerator and an electric ceramic top stove. Living room – 5.131m X 4.978m (16’10” X 16’4”) Dining room – 4.978m X 4.013m (16’4” X 13’2”) Kitchen – 3.759m X 4.521m (12’4” X 14’10”) House Amenities Security – In the front, two custom-built solid metal security doors with keys that cannot be duplicated. – In the back, an outside custom built sliding door with metal security bars and a sliding glass door on the inside. Each door requires a key. – Additional aesthetically designed metal bars have been installed on all existing metal security windows providing a more hardened and enhanced security posture. – Infrastructure (wiring and conduit) has been installed and ready for the security system of your choice – Community has an active Vecinos Vigilantes program and daily police patrols. Neighbors communicate in real time via Whatsapp on two channels. In this community, neighbors know neighbors and who belongs here and who does not belong here. Electric – A whole-house surge protector has been installed at the electrical junction box to protect against lightning strikes. Each A/C unit also has an additional surge protector at the electrical outlet. – Water – Whole house water filtration system with five filters – 3 cartridge, 1 charcoal, and a UV sterilization filter. In addition, this water system features a 1,000 gallon backup water tank and a jet pump to maintain constant pressure. System is still under warranty. – Every room has a ceiling fan. – Internet and cable TV service is provided by Cableonda via a fiber optic connection with the promise of 100mb down and about 8-10 up. Outside Amenities Roof was cleaned and resealed about 2 months. About 29m (95ft) of custom-designed cement planters with river rock exteriors border the house. You’ll find flowers, tomatoes, spinach, herbs and other vegetation growing year round. In front of the cement planters, you’ll find about 25 meters (80ft) of cement walkways to step on during rainy season. In fact, you can maneuver nearly all around the back and sides of the house, work in the cement planters and not get your feet muddy. A custom water drainage system was designed and installed for this property. It routes most rain water from the roof to the roadside drainage system. It works very well. Out and about in the backyard, you’ll find some young fruit trees to include guanabana, (2) limón, melocotón, mangustin, and fig. We also have several active guandu bushes (pigeon peas) to add to your rice or feed your parrot. You’ll also find a small moringa tree, along with some eucalyptus, salvia, and artemisa bushes. The property has been maintained by the same gardener for over 7 years.

© Will Sullivan, Emerald Coat Real Estate Photography, LLC
Elegant laundry room photo in Miami with recessed-panel cabinets, white cabinets, gray walls and a side-by-side washer/dryer