This project consisted of transforming a duplex into a bi-generational house. The extension includes two floors, a basement, and a new concrete foundation. Underpinning work was required between the existing foundation and the new walls. We added masonry wall openings on the first and second floors to create a large open space on each level, extending to the new back-facing windows.

Transforming this long-standing home on Bradgate Rd required more than a simple update—it called for a careful balance between renewal, structure, and respect for what was already there. The existing brick bungalow had strong bones, but the exterior was deteriorating, the carport was underutilized, and key interior spaces no longer supported the homeowners’ needs. Having lived in the home for decades, the goal wasn’t to start over—it was to rework the home into a more functional, comfortable space that could support the years ahead. The scope included a full exterior masonry refresh, where the front layer of brick was removed and replaced while maintaining the integrity of the original structure. The carport was fully enclosed and integrated into the home as a garage, and a new roof tied everything together with consistent detailing and long-term performance in mind. Inside, the layout was carefully reworked to introduce a new primary ensuite and completely renovate the main bathroom. Plumbing, mechanical, and electrical systems were updated throughout, with a focus on accessibility, ease of use, and everyday comfort. The result is a home that feels both familiar and elevated—where thoughtful construction and refined design come together to support long-term living without compromising character.

"We converted an exterior window to a door (which required moving wires, new framing, tile floor transitioning, stucco replacement and painting to match exterior, and hardware install), removed spa tub in master bath and replaced with a custom designed tile ""rug"", replaced shower/tub in guest bathroom with a walk-in shower, replaced kitchen/bath cabinetry with new custom designed cabinets and installed new hardware on them, installed Quartz counter tops on multi-surfaces, updated a complete surround sound system for multiple rooms, installed new Smart TV in kitchen, hung art pieces, installed new gas line and electrical for outdoor BBQ, converted all overhead lighting to LED cams, installed new electrical plugs throughout, installed new decorate lights inside and outside, and installed and plumbed new sinks, dishwasher and water faucets in kitchen, laundry and bathrooms. Member Comments: We have worked with many contractors over the years, and this crew of Kerry, Jake, Randall and Kevin were incredibly fantastic to work with! The professionalism and expertise of this young crew were EXCEPTIONAL!!!! There was not one job too small or one job too big. ""No"" was never an answer to any question. The price was right on target throughout, their promptness for each day's work was consistent, a day did not go by that we didn't know what the schedule was or who was coming, they were all extremely intelligent and capable of problem-solving any issue, they created a pleasant and fun atmosphere amid all the dust, and the workplace was kept clean at all times. Kerry is the key to this whole project. His organizational skills were incredible and kept everything running smoothly DAILY. We were never out of touch with him. He has an easy going/friendly manner that never was frazzled. His pricing was on target for agreed upon and added tasks as the project ensued. His paperwork presentation was very thorough and left nothing to question. All in all, this company is a gem! They became friends. How cool is that?" ~ Patty P, Client Photos by: Kerry W. Taylor

This small suburban yard was filled by a large swimming pool. The homeowner is extremely sensitive to the sun so she decided to trade out the pool for this intimate garden space. When this client is not traveling, she is hosting visitors, watching friends’ dogs, or hanging out with her grandchildren. Our job was to create an inviting space that is low maintenance, drought tolerant, and kid- and dog-friendly. Using gravel, concrete pavers, and a simple planting plan consisting of Mediterranean-adaptive plants, we created this design to fit the mid-century home. The gravel allows for the absorption of rainwater while providing a space for kids and dog to romp and play. Olive trees help shade and cool the space, providing a cozy area to gather with friends. The minimalist plantings survive on very little irrigation and require little more than an hour or two of puttering in the garden per season to maintain.

This beautiful Limestone kitchen tiled floor at a property in Peel Green was only a year old and, while it wasn’t in too bad of a state, the customer told me the floor had not been sealed properly due to issues with retaining moisture. The lack of an adequate sealer had allowed the Limestone to become duller over time after exposure to dirt and muck. It also had some more obvious marks and stains in some place and needed some grouting to be done around the corners and edges of the room. I travelled to the property in Peel Green, which is within the Greater City of Salford in Greater Manchester, to see what could be done to restore the condition of the tiles. Upon closer inspection of the tiles, I recommended to the customer that we proceed with the process known as burnishing, which we use primarily on Limestone, Marble, and Travertine. Burnishing, which involves the application of diamond encrusted burnishing pads, breaks down old sealers, gets rid of marks, stains and ingrained dirt, and gradually builds and evens out the polish on the tiles. I started burnishing the Limestone kitchen tiles straight away when I arrived at the property as it was a big area and would require lots of hard work to achieve the desired results within the space of a day. Our burnishing system consists of four diamond encrusted pads: Coarse, Medium, a Fine and Very Fine. Each pad was applied to the Limestone in sequence in tandem with a small amount of water to act as lubrication, gradually smoothing and polishing the surface of the tiles. After every pad, I also used my wet vac machine to remove any dirty water left on the floor and, after the Fine pad I rinsed the floor thoroughly to remove any dirt left on floor. I then left it to dry. When I was satisfied that the floor was completely dry, it was time to seal the Limestone tiles. However, I first went over the floor with Very Fine grit pad to provide a final polish before sealing. My choice of sealer was the impregnating Tile Doctor Colour Grow, a product which enhances the natural colours in the stone whilst also offering robust protection against dirt and stains. Remembering that the tiles had never been properly sealed, I applied plenty of sealer and left it to dry for 10 minutes. Following this, I carefully removed any excess sealer left on the surface with a dry cotton cloth. After sealing I went over the floor once final time with the Very Fine pad, just to smoothen things down and leave an exceptionally neat finish. When the job was finished, I gave the owner some tips and recommendations on the cleaning of the floor going forward and a complimentary bottle of neutral cleaner to get them started. The customer was very pleased with the finish, so much so that she opted and take up the Tile Doctor Maintenance Plan to keep the floor looking good for years to come! This involves popping round every 6-12 months to top up the sealer and give the floor a quick polish. Tony Olmet Greater Manchester Tile Doctor

Green Solar Technologies has installed a photovoltaic system for Derek of Fleming, CO. GST walked him through the solar process which was quick and thorough. We were able to engineer a solar energy system to meet his electricity requirements living in this wonderful home as well as collect all necessary permits from the city. Derek’s system consisted of 20 solar panels manufactured in the USA by SolarWorld and a SolarEdge inverter system with convenient monitoring access 24/7. With a solar panel installation, you can increase your property value, drastically reduce your electricity costs, cut pollution and toxic waste, and become energy independent. GST has helped thousands make the switch go solar. Check out other installations and customer reviews at https://www.greensolartechnologies.com/reviews.

Sansa Interiors transformed what used to be a 1950s outdated bungalow into a simple, functional and bright space for a family of four. The original interior was gut renovated while incorporating a second level as an addition to the building structure. The facade remains true to the feel of the neighbourhood, balancing a clean traditional ground level and a slick minimal upper plane. Choosing an interior palette that consists of white tones and warm greys allows the home to feel even more spacious and serene. Introducing white oak accents through out the home brings in an extra layer of warmth. We worked very closely with our clients to tailor the space to their lifestyle, entertainment needs and basic functional requirements. We provided an open riser staircase as a visual element that connects all levels of the home and allows light through. The greatest part about this renovation is that it allowed us to place large windows, bringing nature in and constantly opening the home up to ultimate daylight. Location: Mississauga

Double wine cellar for Naples Residence. Glass wine cellar was designed with 1/2" thick tempered glass panels and a completely frameless door. Polycarbonate seals around door keep this humidity and temperature controlled wine cellar consistently refrigerated.

Nancy Knickerbocker of Reico Kitchen and Bath in Southern Pines, NC designed the kitchen, laundry room and bookcase in this multi-room project, a mixture of traditional and transitional styles featuring Masterpiece Cabinetry Gannon door style. The kitchen perimeter, bookcase, and laundry cabinets feature a Warm White finish, while the kitchen island cabinets are a Cherry Kaffe finish with Cambria Brittanicca Gold countertops. The kitchen also includes Emotive Astonished White Silk Florida Tile and Kohler’s Whitehaven farm sink and Simplice faucet. The client expressed their gratitude, stating, "Nancy was great about providing suggestions, and with her experience, she knew what would work well together. We are especially happy with our floor tile, backsplash, and countertops, which she recommended. She was easy to work with, honest, knowledgeable, and hardworking. We knew that she would keep our project on task and that we could count on her to take care of any issues we had.” "It is so elegant and provides so much more natural light than our old kitchen. The design provides more space for cooking and entertaining. Our favorite cabinet accessory is the lighted cabinet with glass door. It provides background lighting and elegance to our kitchen," said the client. Nancy explained how the project consisted of updating the kitchen and widening the opening to the family room. "We removed the peninsula and installed an island to improve flow. To have adequate clearance for the island, we had to take some space from their family room. This construction required a new support beam. We removed the existing soffits to accommodate taller cabinetry.” "The new design is great for their family. I love the color combinations and the overall look of the space. It's updated and still reflects the traditional style of their home." Photos courtesy of ShowSpaces Photography.

Modern Wall Unit VV 3938 Made in Italy Perfect for both modern and contemporary styled interiors, this modular wall unit line offers lots of customization options so everyone could adjust the composition according to the individual's size and color requirements, creating an entertainment center of the dream. The wall unit line features lots of different units, that are available in several sizes and can wall mounted both vertically and horizontally. All the units from this entertainment center furniture collection are available in walnut, white ash, ivory ash and mink ash wood structure finishes as well as white and mud high gloss lacquers. The structure and the front doors of the same unit can be ordered in different finishes/lacquers to add unique and elegant contrast look to the wall unit design. Features: E1-Class ecological panels, which are produced exclusively through a wood recycling production process The structure and the front in wood finishes are made of chipboard The lacquered structures and fronts are made of REAL POLISH SCRATCH PROOF LACQUERING, which is non toxic and non allergic products All the panels are 0.7" thick Drawers mounted on metal runners with MDF bottom panel, height adjustable and soft-close system Metal snap-on hinges with adjustable height The starting price is for the VV Wall Unit Composition 3938 as shown in the main picture in Walnut / White Lacquer finishes. (Consists of: Two Base Drawer Cabinets H17.7" x W47.2" each, Base Drawer Cabinet H10.2" x W35.4", Four Hanging Square Boxes W23.3" x H23.3" each). Dimensions: Wall Unit: W130" x D18.3" x H74.8" Individual Components: Base Drawer Cabinet: W35.4" x D18.3" x H10.2" Base Drawer Cabinet: W47.2" x D18.3" x H17.7" Hanging Square Box: W23.6" x D13.8" x H23.6"

This retaining wall is a fun and simple design consisting of two tiers to accommodate the height required to hold back the embankment, with the tier in the middle including a simple but elegant planting and lighting design. The stone in this picture is wet and dry at parts which shows the variation in color.

This project began with a classic honey oak kitchen that was in dire need of an update. We removed a wall, completely changing the flow and sightlines of the space. This required substantial rewiring and a full refinish of the ceiling for consistency throughout the main floor. The new kitchen is a gorgeous transformation into a dramatic and warm contemporary room. The dark stained maple cabinets set the tone, and natural granite is a showstopper here with a double waterfall island and slab backsplash. These clients recently had us return to complete their main bathroom and ensuite!

Nestled in the hills of Orinda, California, this 1951 residence is one of only seven extant homes, now known as “The Magnificent Seven”, designed by architect Olof Dahlstrand, a protégé of Frank Lloyd Wright. With its low-slung rooflines, natural materials, and deep integration with the sloping landscape, the home is a pristine example of mid-century modern design inspired by Wright’s organic principles. Over the years, prior homeowners have emphasized preservation, ensuring that the house remained relatively untouched. Each owner has respected the original architecture and stayed true to Dahlstrand’s intent. When a family of five—two college-aged sons and a middle school-aged daughter—acquired the property, they were captivated by its history, legacy of care, and architectural significance. While they appreciated Dahlstrand’s original vision, they also recognized the need to adapt the home for contemporary living while preserving its design integrity. The remodel was conceived as a thoughtful response to the past—an effort to bring the house into the 21st century without compromising its soul. The primary mandate was to maintain architectural continuity while improving the functionality, comfort, and livability for a modern family. The design team—architects and contractor alike—worked with a shared reverence for the original architecture, allowing that mindset to guide even the most technical or pragmatic decisions. A key objective was to increase natural light in the kitchen—a departure from Wrightian principles of enclosed, intimate cooking spaces—while maintaining the home’s architectural language. The kitchen was reconfigured to foster a stronger connection to adjacent living spaces while retaining the underlying concept of spatial separation. One of the most transformative architectural changes was the removal of a ridge beam that was originally planned to remain visible through the kitchen. During construction, the team collaborated on a better solution: a wide-flanged steel beam concealed within the roof envelope. This subtle move preserved the clean lines and ceiling continuity, a modern update carried out with utmost respect for the existing framework. The home’s original powder room, previously accessible only through the kitchen, was relocated for better flow and privacy. A new powder room was carved out of former kitchen cabinetry—a narrow, interior space that could have felt dark and enclosed. To avoid this, the design extended the line of original transom windows into the new powder room and added a skylight above the vanity. The result is a bright and airy space that feels consistent with the rest of the home. Other updates included the installation of new solid-core interior doors with veneers carefully matched to the original mahogany, enhancing the continuity of the interiors. Even smaller decisions, such as placing the door knobs at 42 inches high, mirrored the original proportions. Every choice reflected a shared belief between the architect, contractor, and client: that new work should serve the integrity of the old. The home’s extensive interior redwood millwork and paneling was meticulously restored. Where new materials were introduced—such as the replacement redwood soffit paneling—the contractor took pains to find finish nails that matched the original, rather than using modern equivalents. This level of craftsmanship and collaboration defined the project. It extended even to the detailing of a blind door to the new powder room, which had to disappear into the existing redwood board-and-batten wall. It was a team effort: the owner found a suitable handle, the architects devised the custom in-swing mechanism, and the contractor executed it so the door aligned precisely with the battens. Throughout, the homeowners were deeply engaged in the design process. One, a meticulous design enthusiast, focused on aesthetic integrity and historic detail. The other brought a practical and function-driven perspective, ensuring that new fixtures and materials would be durable and require minimal maintenance. While the home’s location posed no major site challenges, sustainability was a key concern. The team upgraded the roof insulation, installed solar panels with battery storage, and added ductless mini-split cooling systems. Lighting was another area where modern technology was woven into a historic framework: new square LED fixtures echo the original custom perimeter soffit lights, maintaining the design language while offering advanced performance. A planned expansion of a bedroom into suite with a bathroom had to be shelved due to budget constraints and the high cost of below-grade foundation work. Still, the team focused their efforts on making the most of the existing footprint, resolving constraints through design ingenuity rather than adding square footage. This renovation represents a collaborative achievement in preserving and evolving a historically significant home. Every decision was shaped by a shared ethos among clients, architects, and contractor: to maintain the home’s architectural soul while updating it for contemporary life. The result is a timeless modernist residence that continues Olof Dahlstrand’s legacy, remaining grounded in nature, craftsmanship, and human-scale design. Klopf Architecture Team: John Klopf, AIA, Klara Kevane, Fernanda Bernardes
Interior Architectural Design: Klopf Architecture
Structural Engineer: Daniel Bastiao
Contractor: Don Larwood, Larwood Construction Photography: Mariko Reed Year Completed: 2022

!nspire... Bring some high class decor into your bedroom space with the SERENE upholstered bed. This platform bed does not require a box spring and is available in queen or king sizes. The fully upholstered side rails and footboard are covered with a cozy, plush fabric while the headboard has plush tufting in a square pattern. The bed consists of a clean-line design that offers a contemporary, comfortable feeling that is perfect for a serene sleep environment. Available in ash or charcoal grey upholstery.

air conditionor

The clients enjoy entertaining guests in their home. They enjoy sports events, but don't necessarily enjoy the hustle 'n bustle of going to the stadium, finding a place to park, and in the case of football, freezing to death. They much prefer sharing the ambiance of their comfortable home, offering snacks and drinks from the bar, and enjoying a round of pool during intermissions and halftime, or watching halftime shows on a state-of-the-art home theater. These clients were so committed to this enterprise, they dedicated their 3,000 sq’ basement, except those areas already used for utility, storage, and mechanical needs, the renovation.To make sure the clients' every wish was met, a complete entertainment area was designed and constructed with ease of movement, lighting, and safety in mind. The area would include a home theater with totally wireless controls, a pool room, and a social area replete with a commercial-grade wet bar. The home theater consists of a screen within a custom cabinet system that also houses the complete audio-visual equipment center. Speakers are nestled in custom benches with the sound cones discretely hidden behind fabric panels. The motor for the panel that hides the screen when not in use is behind a similar fabric panel.The furniture style cabinet has Shaker style doors with walnut peg inlays and leaded glass panels. There are multiple lighting "scenes" for ambiance; low-voltage lighting inside the crown molding, and recessed can lights are discretely placed so that they can provide an extra level of illumination when required.The pool room was walled with a custom wainscot paneling with clear cherry stiles and rails finished with a clear satin lacquer. The panels are of Madagascar ebony with a light satin stain and a clear lacquer finish. A custom cue rack was constructed from clear cherry and backed with the Madagascar ebony panel.Drink rails were custom fabricated from cherry and custom crown molding was fabricated to match the rest of the house. The space is lit with a combination of recessed lights and a series of hidden lights behind crown molding for dramatic effect. The bar area is topped with a custom crown detail to contain the lighting. The bar is constructed in the same manner and fashion as the theater and pool rooms with Shaker style cabinetry with square walnut peg in the door corners and decorative leaded glass door fronts with more than enough front and back bar space to serve and enjoy drinks and snacks. Entry behind the bar is through custom, bi-directional butler doors. A custom bottle display and storage area takes up the bottom half of the bar's back wall. And, for the sake of convenience, a full size automatic dishwasher is installed under the bar for cleaning glasses and stemware. The bar is also tricked out with an espresso machine, its own flat screen TV and AmX video controller. The bar is lit with puck lights in the upper cabinets that illuminate downward through glass shelves, and low-voltage lighting is used behind the bottle display. The bar itself is lit by a series of earthen tone pendant lights.All three areas complement each other and are in total harmony with the remainder of the house. Moldings were matched, carpeting styles were chosen to complement rather than compromise, and muted, natural colors and textures were chosen that complement the surroundings. There is a seamless transition between the newer areas of the home and those already in everyday use. The entire area is a nebula of electrons operating servos, quietly opening and closing hidden switches, mysteriously dimming and brightening lights, and not only creating an alluring atmosphere, but one that is programmable, available at the touch of a finger to a heat sensitive screen, for an individual, or a group. At a single touch the lights in the theater and bar areas dim as the theater screen lowers into viewing position. Not only does the AMX controller open and close shades and window treatments to facilitate better viewing, but on an entirely different level it controls the very access to the property. It opens and closes entryways, external doors and gates as well.None of this magic came easily. Electrical circuits were at a premium. Over heating plagued the AV rack, and pesky rays of light seemed to creep in where and when they were least welcome. An exhaust fan was installed in the AV cabinet to dissipate the heat. New electrical outlets were scheduled and placed while others were moved. The bar area received custom wire chases hidden within the cabinetry. Exterior roll-a-way shutters, all controlled from the AMX controller, were installed and programmed as the answer to those pesky light rays.

SJ2107 SUGAR LEAF CHANDELIER DESCRIPTION: Magnificent glass sugar leaves drip from organic branches on this twenty-six-light chandelier in a brushed brass finish. Having created custom chandeliers for over three decades, we specialize in bringing lighting concepts to reality, whether your inspiration comes from a rough sketch, an existing chandelier, our original concepts, or even your own creative imagination. Large or small, our team can meet the challenge, and can even coordinate the production of a private collection, where all finishes are kept consistent. Let us create the perfect lighting fixtures for your individual needs, to your individual specifications, and with attention to detail throughout production. SPECIFICATIONS: Collection: Organic Size: 44” Diameter x 72” Height (Custom sizes also available) Shape: Pendant Frame Finished: Brushed Brass (Different finish available at no additional cost) Materials: Metal, Glass Weight: 148 Lbs Extension: Adjustable cord customizable up to 12 ft Bulbs: 40 Watt Max, 26 Type B Bulbs Assembly: Some assembly required. Dimmer Switch Compatible: Optional Shipping: Free Door-To-Door Shipping Worldwide! Rush Order: 4-6 Weeks; 15% added to the total Regular Lead Time: 6-10 Weeks Warranty: 5 Years Full Coverage (includes replacement parts) SIZE OPTIONS: Size: Price: 25” Diameter x 55” Height $2,282.00 32” Diameter x 60” Height $3,377.00 44” Diameter x 72” Height (as shown) $5,988.00 58” Diameter x 76” Height $6,902.00 66” Diameter x 82” Height $8,469.00 Custom Sizes, Finishes, Colors Available Upon Request

The Camargue® is an innovative terrace covering equipped with a bladed roof system, that can be closed off on both sides with wind-resistant Fixscreens ®, glass sliding walls, Loggia® sliding panels or a combination of the former. The roof consists of extruded aluminium blades that can be tilted to adjust sunprotection and ventilation as required. During showers, concealed guide water channels drain the water towards the columns. This water drainage also operates when the blades are opened up when it has stopped raining, and this ensures that the furniture on the patio remains protected. For more information please contact info@dapostrophe.net

The clients enjoy entertaining guests in their home. They enjoy sports events, but don't necessarily enjoy the hustle 'n bustle of going to the stadium, finding a place to park, and in the case of football, freezing to death. They much prefer sharing the ambiance of their comfortable home, offering snacks and drinks from the bar, and enjoying a round of pool during intermissions and halftime, or watching halftime shows on a state-of-the-art home theater. These clients were so committed to this enterprise, they dedicated their 3,000 sq’ basement, except those areas already used for utility, storage, and mechanical needs, the renovation.To make sure the clients' every wish was met, a complete entertainment area was designed and constructed with ease of movement, lighting, and safety in mind. The area would include a home theater with totally wireless controls, a pool room, and a social area replete with a commercial-grade wet bar. The home theater consists of a screen within a custom cabinet system that also houses the complete audio-visual equipment center. Speakers are nestled in custom benches with the sound cones discretely hidden behind fabric panels. The motor for the panel that hides the screen when not in use is behind a similar fabric panel.The furniture style cabinet has Shaker style doors with walnut peg inlays and leaded glass panels. There are multiple lighting "scenes" for ambiance; low-voltage lighting inside the crown molding, and recessed can lights are discretely placed so that they can provide an extra level of illumination when required.The pool room was walled with a custom wainscot paneling with clear cherry stiles and rails finished with a clear satin lacquer. The panels are of Madagascar ebony with a light satin stain and a clear lacquer finish. A custom cue rack was constructed from clear cherry and backed with the Madagascar ebony panel.Drink rails were custom fabricated from cherry and custom crown molding was fabricated to match the rest of the house. The space is lit with a combination of recessed lights and a series of hidden lights behind crown molding for dramatic effect. The bar area is topped with a custom crown detail to contain the lighting. The bar is constructed in the same manner and fashion as the theater and pool rooms with Shaker style cabinetry with square walnut peg in the door corners and decorative leaded glass door fronts with more than enough front and back bar space to serve and enjoy drinks and snacks. Entry behind the bar is through custom, bi-directional butler doors. A custom bottle display and storage area takes up the bottom half of the bar's back wall. And, for the sake of convenience, a full size automatic dishwasher is installed under the bar for cleaning glasses and stemware. The bar is also tricked out with an espresso machine, its own flat screen TV and AmX video controller. The bar is lit with puck lights in the upper cabinets that illuminate downward through glass shelves, and low-voltage lighting is used behind the bottle display. The bar itself is lit by a series of earthen tone pendant lights.All three areas complement each other and are in total harmony with the remainder of the house. Moldings were matched, carpeting styles were chosen to complement rather than compromise, and muted, natural colors and textures were chosen that complement the surroundings. There is a seamless transition between the newer areas of the home and those already in everyday use. The entire area is a nebula of electrons operating servos, quietly opening and closing hidden switches, mysteriously dimming and brightening lights, and not only creating an alluring atmosphere, but one that is programmable, available at the touch of a finger to a heat sensitive screen, for an individual, or a group. At a single touch the lights in the theater and bar areas dim as the theater screen lowers into viewing position. Not only does the AMX controller open and close shades and window treatments to facilitate better viewing, but on an entirely different level it controls the very access to the property. It opens and closes entryways, external doors and gates as well.None of this magic came easily. Electrical circuits were at a premium. Over heating plagued the AV rack, and pesky rays of light seemed to creep in where and when they were least welcome. An exhaust fan was installed in the AV cabinet to dissipate the heat. New electrical outlets were scheduled and placed while others were moved. The bar area received custom wire chases hidden within the cabinetry. Exterior roll-a-way shutters, all controlled from the AMX controller, were installed and programmed as the answer to those pesky light rays.