Zones are average low temps. Usually they will list lowest recorded temps as well for many localities. Generally one day is fine, as trees are adapted to temps a SD colder than average every once in a while (if they weren't, they wouldn't survive).

Get used to a future of wilder weather swings.

Dan

I kind of think you will see damage on things. It's really hard to say for sure. Most likely, things won't die outright, but might suffer twig/branch dieback, evergreens like Southern Magnolia will probably defoliate.

It's just one of those wait and see situations.

Are you sure your thermometer is okay? Do you live up in the mountains? We went down to 9 F the other night and supposed to get down to 4 F tonight.There's a guy in Texas on here,I think it was Texas anyway,with really unusual cold a couple days ago,I can't remember the exact details. In Pa it was warmer thanwhere he was from, after I mentioned that in a post on here, I saw 10 F on my thermometer, I spoke too soon.On the weather channel map the middle of the country is getting the arctic blast.

I had a hard time believing Arkansas got that cold too. Here in East Tennessee (just down the road a little), I've been working outside without a jacket yesterday and today. But I looked online and, sure enough, Arkansaw's been in nature's deep freezer!

Poaky/Brandon
Yes I am sure that it got that cold. Reference the 18 inches of snow yesterday and perfect radiational cooling conditions. I knew there would be somebody that would have a hard time believing it. But check the two links below. The two links provided have the hourly temps for the last three days at two airports in the area. Be sure to look in the Max and Min columns under "6 hour" My location is consistently 3-7 degrees cooler than the Drake Field site for Fayetteville Arkansas. And poaky, I live on one side of a narrow valley that is consistently colder. The hill just to the west rises about 600 feet higher in elevation. FTR, Nowata Oklahoma (also got lots of snow) set a new state all time record low of -31 F last night as well. It's -4 F as I type this at 9 PM. The wind is supposed to blow a bit later to keep us from getting as cold, but if it doesn't......

Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport= -21 F
http://www.weather.gov/data/obhistory/KXNA.html

Drake Field Fayetteville Arkansas = -18 F
http://www.weather.gov/data/obhistory/KFYV.html

The fact that average global temps. have risen a degree or two in the last century hardly provides justification for such crazy talk.

You are not speaking from a position of having a grasp of the facts.

Thanks!

Denialism aside, if trees can't survive one brief period of unusual cold, they won't make it. You might lose some twigs. Will you lose the whole plant? Chances are small.

Dan

Back in Jan. of '85 my county experienced its all time official low of -28F. The native trees and shrubs suffered little to no damage, the exception being those species that hold exposed flower buds over the winter. Local Magnolia varied, some were pristine while a small minority suffered severe damage but survived. Exotics-hollies (not opaca) crape myrtle, boxwood, etc. were taken to the snow line but sprouted from the roots. The infamous Easter Freeze of 07 which occurred after most things had broken dormancy caused widespread damage to native species, some of which can still be seen. Mother Nature can be a real....well you know!

I'm still having doubts. Are you sure you're not talking about windchill rather than actual temperature? I can't get either of your links to come up on my computer, so I looked up weather history on Weather Underground's website. Could you be looking at Celcius instead of Fahrenheit?
Either way, if it's any consolation, that generous blanket of snow will help insulate your plants. Sometimes in the Ozarks, we get below zero temps with no snow on the ground.

Here is a link that might be useful: Wunderground.com - Fayetteville, Feb 9

christie,
Yes I am CERTAIN it was not the windchill number, plus there was NO wind. You will need to copy and paste the web addresses I posted into you browser address bar. They are not clickable in this forum. Then you have to look down through the data. Also those will only be useful for a couple days. The link you provided is for the wrong day. Try Feb. 10. It also only goes by hourly temps, so it shows -17, when the actual for Fayetteville was -18. Also I included another link below. We can add -12 to the mix last night. My location is better protected from wind that can keep min temperature up, than Drake Field is. Got to love Northwest Arkansas weather, was 74 F Jan 29, got snow and -7 a few days later, then the current cold, and should be in the 60's by Monday with the snow melted.

Thanks for your feedback kenptn.

Those that I'm concerned about are exotic, or exotic to the area. The Chinese Pistache (it does not spread here)that I mentioned, Oklahoma Redbud, a 4' Mikawa Yatsubusa Jepanese Maple, and Fire Dragon Shantung Maple (still VERY rare). All but the Shantung is rated to 6b or 7a according to reference, but the -25 is borderline 4a-4b. Therefore that is at least two full zones colder. Shantungs are considered zone 5 hardy, but it appears that may be dependent upon source. There appears to hotter and colder adapted sources, and in previous posts, some that have tried the Fire Dragon further north reported dieback. The originator of this selection, selected them from plants that thrive in Dallas Texas, implying a more southern sourced seed. Everything else we have little concern that anything beyond twig lose is likely to occur. At least everything has been in the ground for 3+ years, so that may help.

At the least this poses a point of interest. If I lose something, I will replace it with the same or something else. I just tend to think ahead, and thought that it possible that someone else on here will have had a similar experience.

Thanks for your time,
Arktrees

Here is a link that might be useful: Daily weather obs for Fayetteville, Ar

Wow. That is cold. I went as low as 12*F this winter.

Hopefully, your trees will make it. It's hard to believe that Oklahoma broke all time record for lowest temperate ever recorded. The all time low temperature in Dallas-Ft Worth is minus 1 (or colder depending on the locations around it) was in 1989 (or is that 1983?)

We may be entering colder climate for the next 20-30 years according to Bastardi.

Here is a link that might be useful: Bastardi: Shift to Colder Climate Predicted Next 20-30 Years

Let us know, ark, how they survived. Any twigs with dieback should be pruned off after bud break. Shouldn't be an issue.

Dan

I used to use NOAA all the time but I haven't been able to get it to come up on my computer for two or three weeks now. I think my computer is blocking it for some reason.
I changed the date on my link and you're right. Wow! I'm in southwest Missouri and we're usually a few degrees COLDER than your area. Thank goodness we weren't that night.
If anything appears dead, I would give it plenty of time to come back from the roots just in case.

I hope this is a rare winter. A lot of us are getting almost comfortable with the 2000 (?) version of the hardiness zones and this crap isn't good for our yards! I have a zone 6 tree I haven't even got to plant yet! It looks pretty good yet but if Ark and Texas is getting that cold, it could happen anywhere. There's a lot I don't know about weather in the west, I've never been there. I guess being in tornado alley where the wind from up north goes doesn't help.That's my ignorant observation ( a WAG) anybody who knows better, educate me but keep it simple.

poaky,
I'll try to keep this short and too the point. First North Arkansas is much cooler than I think your perception. All time record low is -29. Also we are near the plains, and so that Arctic air masses can crash south before they have time to modify much, but we are also near the gulf coast, and north Mexico (all in weather terms). So there's lots of fluctuations, and weather systems are frequently born here.

As for climate change, there are natural multi-decade cycles, some of which are due to change "phase", to a phase that in itself would promote more cold winters. One of those is the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation), is due to switch to the negative colder phase, and probable already has. It has been in positive phase since about 1979, and winters have been milder on average since that time, without global warming and it's effects. Now add to that lose of Arctic Sea ice, which is almost 40%. That changes where it is warmer and where it's colder in the north, much like El Nino and La Nina you hear about so much, except it's from very cold hard ice, to warmer open water that adds moisture to the air where it was not being added before. This is forcing obsevered changes in the weather patterns (in the last five years one called the Arctic Dipole appeared and had NEVER been seen before, and another has been in place the last two years had only been seen 1-2 time before). These changed patterns appear to be currently contributing to a VERY negative NAO. That's what it's doing right now. Here's the thing, while it makes sense (to those that study the weather) why what is happening, is now happening, it is also forcing it's own changes elsewhere. So does those other feedback's kick in and force more changes either warmer or colder? Wetter/drier? We don't know, and can not predict anything except that they are almost certain to occur. Add into all of that, there has been a satellite MEASURED 4%+ INCREASE in water vapor in the whole atmosphere, and you CAN get stronger storms due to more heat being released, heavier precipitation events etc. My recent very heavy snow event likely was not influenced by this, because the weather system had somewhat limited moisture to work with. It was more a factor of a rare configuration of weather systems. BUT the amount of potential moisture available in the most moist weather systems will be much higher.

So what do you do? I would plant your tree, and not worry about it. Giving it as much protection as possible. And don't put it in a location where you feel "you have to have it there", meaning don't be dependent that it will provided the perfect shade for the whole house, or something else like that. It's simply impossible to predict all the effects, and yes wild swings as Dan indicated. That is why I've ignored revisions to hardiest zones. If I lose all four of the plants indicated above, frankly I'm likely replant 2 or 3 of them with the same thing. Just as I have not let the most extreme ice storm on record from two years ago change what I'm doing. Same thing could happen next year, but it seems rather unlikely. Hope this helps.

JMHO
Arktrees

Again, hardiness zones are average low temps. The good references also state what is the coldest temp. Low temps are warmer and there are fewer low temp records now, so new zones are appropriate (which is why Arbor Day made a new map).

For individual events, having low temps briefly colder than, say, one Standard Deviation is completely within expected variation. Two SDs for a night or two and this is a rarer event, and maybe you get some twig dieback on healthy established woody plants. But plants are adapted to this too, tissue death from cold temps is one reason why they can grow new tissue from nodes and even latent buds.

With respect to increased variability, not only are the reinsurance companies concerned (and have been for some time, recognizing the severity), but we see Australia, S Africa, Pakistan, China decision-makers starting to get concerned about the variability, which makes it hard to plan and allocate resources, as the tail gets fatter:

{{gwi:329985}}

Our recent societies have developed over the last ~9000 years in a brief period where there is a relatively stable climate regime.

{{gwi:329986}}

That stability is in the process of ending. We see it in Australia.

Our societies will have to do a much better job of adapting to higher variability. As individuals, you just follow the labels and purchase a plant grown nearby when possible to lessen risk of weather issues, in addition to planting properly and ensuring good health during establishment to increase the chance of having a healthy plant.

Dan

I just want to clearify, that I was speaking on local scales over the next 10, 20, maybe 30 years. So locations around the world certain to get colder in the shorter term, due to changes in overall patterns causing local cooling. However the whole trend is warmer for the planet, and even these locally cooled spots will warm eventually. That is why I was saying to poaky I did not change where I view myself on the hardiesness zone map. It's not because I don't believe the globe is warming, but it is because we don't know where those local coolings will be. Therefore I mostly try to give myself a zone insurance buffer on both sides. But with some I do not have those. Dan is right, I'm just looking at a local smaller scale.

Arktrees

Look out - we better just accept the terrible fate to come!

"That stability is in the process of ending. We see it in Australia."

Are you kidding? You are going to take one year of weather in Australia and use that data to validate your predictions??!!!

I'm afraid you are speaking from a point of being naive and lacking in understanding of climate as well. I never claimed to be a climate expert, but I can smell bs from a long way.

You are going to take one year of weather in Australia and use that data to validate your predictions??!!!

No.

Thaaaaanks!

Dan

Doesn't really matter anyways, we all know the world ends in 2012. So two more growing seasons left, use them wisely.

Lol.

*****
Posted by arktrees 6b NWArkansas (My Page) on
Thu, Feb 10, 11 at 21:53

Poaky/Brandon
Yes I am sure that it got that cold
*****

The nearby records show you're right. NE OK got an all-time low, as you said.

The "core" of an arctic high made it direct to OK/AR with snow-cover all the way south along its path. It had extraordinarily low dewpoints, and allowed excessive radiational cooling at night under no wind/clear skies.

A similar "core" made it to extreme SW VA in Feb 1996 & produced lows of -25F to -28F in a small cluster of counties there. In nearby Blacksburg (~60 miles east), I had a mere -8F.

Rare events that far south in the US. A damaging crop-freeze occurred south into Mexico from this as well.

"The nearby records show you're right."

That's exactly what I was saying above in my first post.

I heard about zoo animals dying from the cold in Mexico.I am gonna put a hardier tree, zone 5 Comptons oak Q virginiana x Q Lyrata hybrid, and put the other tree elsewhere.I've been corrected before on the zones,butin my adult years, I've never seen it get -10F, so that isn't our average low.So I associate it with the minimum temp.The record low is probably twice that, but a once in a century thing.Our average minimum is 23F. in the past 10 yrs it has been.Not this past month though.Well, my point is my zone 6 garden hasn't seen below zero in 3 decades so how is -10 my average low? That's why I debate what the zones mean.

That's why you use the Arbor Day map:

{{gwi:329987}}

One should also use the AHS heat zone map, like what's in my name line.

Dan

I should have put 2 decades since below zero not 3. I thought I was zone 5 on the old map but the dark green swath over the lighter green represents the Alleghany mts about 7 miles away. So I haven't changed zones with the new map. I think I am heat zone 5. There is a dot of yellow on the newer map. I can only guess that's for the city of Pittsburgh heat island, making it zone 7. They have some hardy palms there that are probably zone 7. I never thought heat zone was important here in Pa, although we've occassionally got hot weather. I realize the map isn't perfect and would probably be pretty hard to make one that is without a ton of research, and then the weather patterns can change.

For all those reading this that do not have a science background, it's important for you to realize that scientist agree frequently on the overall picture, but will disagree on particular details. Even in this thread, people that basically agree can appear to disagree because of the detail, or the scale or some other point. Disagreement in science is normal. That is how science works. Multiple people working on the same problem, often with different points of view, working to gather evidence to make the picture clearer. They make a reputation for themselves by finding the critical evidence, and sometimes being right. That does not mean that they don't agree on the over all concept. Take Vitamin D. Pretty much everybody agrees that Vit D is required. That is the overall concept that everyone agrees upon. However there is active research on just how much do we really need, and what form of Vitamin D is best. Is it D1 or D3? If it's D3, whats the best way to deliver it? Sun exposure to make your own in your skin, or in a supplement? Scientist as a whole really do a poor job of educating the public as to how science works, and why it is the story can change or appear to change over time. In short, connecting with the public.

Brandon, My apology. I mis-read.

Arktrees

Arktrees,

About vitamin D... we have a long way to go! gov't and mainstream medical establishment are 30 years behind in vitamin D literally. We'd be all be better off if we learned about it on our own rather than wait 10-20 years (by then we'd be dead due to vitamin D deficiency!)

I'd say the same thing about cholesterol and saturated fat consumption causing heart disease which is pure myth. 50 years and nothing to show that they conclusively prove that they cause heart disease. It's simply too high sugar blood level brought on by excessive consumption of carbohydrate/sugar. Sadly, 99.9% of medical doctors still believe in lipid HYPOTHESIS because that's what was taught in medical school.

So much for being on cutting edge in nutritional world...

My doctor told me that eating a lot of pasta effects your cholesterol and I couldn't understand that, so I guess some doctors agree with you.We're off topic anyway. I get the gist of what your saying about those who've studied science having debates. I saw a show on TV about early man, the cromagnons and all that and everybody had their own theories about that too!

Just a bit of an update. Since the -25.4 F of last week, there has been a temperature rise of 95 F in one week to 70 F yesterday (near record high), and 60+ F for a few days before that. I also noticed the early frogs have started to their spring song. All this on top of 74 F on Jan 29, followed by -7 F Feb 3, and then the -25 F on Feb 10, for a total 99 degree downswing, followed by a 95 degree upswing in less than three weeks. For comparison the temperature swing at Nowata Ok, was 110 degrees in one week from Feb 10 to yesterday.

For a plant update. The Mikawa Yatsubusa Japanese Maple doesn't look good. Looks to be allot of tissue death already on last years growth, and possible more. Buds at the end of the Chinese Pistache branches are looking decidedly blackened, so I'm not real hopeful for it. Both of the above was expected. One of the significant others rose bushes took a beating (will have to ask her selection name), but it was only planted last year. Looks to be frozen back by about 1/3 at least. So far there is nothing apparent for the Oklahoma Redbud or Fire Dragon Shantung Maple.

Anyway, just thought I would drop a short update for those that might be interested.

Arktrees

The Yahoo! homepage showed 100F difference in Oklahoma temps from below zero last week to I'll say unusually warm because I can't remember the temps,I can imagine that being hard on plants.I did have the idea of Arkansas being warmer than it is. As well as Texas.

Well spring is breaking out here in a hurry due to much above normal temps, especially nighttime temps. Overnight lows of near 60 (about the normal high BTW) will do that. So while the full jury has not yet returned, I do think it is safe to make some observations at this point. My four primary plants of concern were Mikawa Yatsubusha Japanese Maple, Chinese Pistache, Fire Dragon Shantung Maple, and Oklahoma Redbud. However I have a few other obs as well from watching everything around me.

Mikawa Yatsubusha Japanese Maple: Damage is pretty severe. All primary buds appear to be dead. There is allot of branch tip death, and it looks probable that most of last years growth is gone. However behind that, bark is still green, and looks healthy. A FEW adventitious buds are beginning to show in a few spots. The tree looks likely to survive, but with damage.

Oklahoma Redbud: It appears all primary buds were killed on this tree. Other redbuds in the area are near to opening their flowers, while the buds on this tree have done nothing. IF I pick them off and try to dissect them, I see encouraging. So far there is no adventitious buds, but the limps are flexible, and green under the bark. While not certain, it seems likely to recover eventually. Probable be lots of pruning.

Fire Dragon Shuntung Maple: The tree survived the cold, but not all buds appear to be pushing. Some are pushing hard, while others are not. I can't rule out the ones that are pushing will flower, but I don't think that is the case. It may be that some buds were killed while others were not. Time will tell.

Chinese Pistache: After the buds blackened in the weeks after the extreme cold, I figured it was a goner. Fooled me. Buds are pushing, and it looks to flower soon. However, there may be some frost cracking to sun scald developing at the base of the trunk. Will have to wait to see.

Other general observations. Hydrangea seem to have been killed back to the ground despite being snow covered. Forsythia, Quince, Flowering Cherries, Flowering Almond, Viburnium seem to have taken a beating. Anything that was below the snow line at the time of the cold is developing normally, but those above are not flowering, or are far behind those that were below. Strange to see Viburnium with green leaves on branches that were below the snow, and buds just pushing on branches above. And Forsythia with lots of yellow flowers around the bottom, and basically bear otherwise with just a few buds trying to push out green leaves. Plus our Hydrangea seem to have been killed back to the ground despite being snow covered. Just thought some of you would fine that interesting.

Will update again in a few weeks as things progress.

Arktrees

Hang in there! Doesn't sound as bad as it could have been with those historical temps you experienced. I think a more prolonged not quite as severe cold would have been worse (although I don't recall if temps even rebounded out of the teens that day) for your trees/shrubs.

We only got down to 3* here south of Ft. Smith that night and it is business as usual around here (even for my live oak).

Good luck!

ps: I ordered a small 2 ft yellowwood yesterday. I think I recall you have one. Do you have any nice fall/flowering pics you would mind sharing?

Sorry, but we don't have a Yellowwood. There are a couple on the UA campus, and there are allot of them in the parking lot of Sam's in Fayetteville of all places. The best one we have saw, was at Pine Ridge Gardens last May (see link). She had one that is probable close to 20 feet, and was at peak flower. But I don't think we got any pictures, and those on UA campus have ice storm damage from 2009, and need a few more years of regrowth.

BTW, Pine Ridge Gardens north of Knoxville (between Clarksville and Russellville) is worth the visit. Lots of not so common stuff. Allot of the local gardeners get natives from her. She has open house days on her website.

Arktress

Here is a link that might be useful: Pine Ridge Gardens

Oh sweet! I will have to make a trip out to see her this Saturday. Thanks for the info :)

Also watch out for winter injury syndrome. Sometimes things will leaf out in the spring, but as summer progresses they finally die off because of the damage they had received was too much to bear.

Glad to get a status update! Keep us up-to-date!

Fire Dragon will push out yellow flowers first but some push out only a few ones and others all over the trees. Mine started blooming last week and earlier this week they started pushing out new leaves. Already, Fire Dragon trees are almost full. That was fast.

Minor update.

Fire Dragon Shantung: Most buds are pushing, and I know now they are in fact leaf buds. First leaf will likely be today. The buds that aren't pushing in fact appear to be dead. I picked a couple off, and peeled them down, but found nothing that appeared to be living. Oddly, these killed buds are almost entirely on a few individual branches. Perhaps these were in fact flower buds that were killed (our Fire Dragon has never flowered), but there is no way to know that. Fortunately the affected branches are branches that were to be pruned off on the next round of pruning. I will simply remove them in the summer after the sap push from spring growth has stopped.

Oklahoma Redbud: A few tiny adventitious leaf buds have started to appear. There will be basically nil flowering this year.

Arktrees

Update time?

Actually I've had this thread open on my home computer for a while now to remind me to update. I just have not done so as of yet. I will try to get it done this weekend. I've also been waiting to see how it all handles the summer heat that is upon us. Certainly has been a year for extremes.

Arktrees

Well here it is almost July, and I 'think' everything is going to survive that I was initially concerned about. With that said, there was damage as indicated in previous posts, but it all is manageable, plus I have some observational about other species than those I was originally concerned about. Also of note is the exceptionally wet 5-6 weeks we had in April-May. I lost track, but we received approximately 26-27 inches of rain in that time period. Our annual average is almost exactly 46 inches. So somewhere close to 60% of our annual rainfall in that period. Since then only 0.1" since in the last month. Temps also went from a low of 34 degrees in mid-late May to 90+ less than two weeks later. Both are well outside "normals". So without further delay.

Fire Dragon Shantung: Not allot new to report, other than it seems to have survived without additional damage. I did have a few south facing branches that were apparently affect. These I removed early on when it became apparent that they were pushing advantious buds further back along their stem. And since these would have been removed in the next pruning, away they went. Growth has been somewhat subdued (I will bring more of this up below), but appears otherwise healthy. Prognosis is excellent.

Chinese Pistache: This tree did take some damage. It lost probable 15% of it small branches (i.e. 1/2" size or slightly larger), but larger sturdier branches seem un- affected. However these unaffected branches leafed normally, and actually grew significantly more than last year. On the trunk there is at least one small sun scald area approximately 1" wide and 3" long on about a 3" caliper trunk. It is callused and closing. Will need to be watched, but will probable survive it. There is also a similar sized sunken area in another location that will probable eventually do the same, there is also some frost cracking that has already closed. Prognosis is good.

Oklahoma Redbud: As stated previously, flowers were killed by the cold. Since then the tree has leafed out and has grown. It appears to be callipering normally, however most of the leaves are a smaller than pervious years. It also has not grown as much. My best estimate is that it's a combination of factors. The extreme wet being one of them, along with the tree is getting relatively large, and so you would expect growth to slow as it gets larger. Largely appears healthy otherwise. Prognosis is good.

Mikawa Yatsubusha Japanese Maple: This tree took substantial damage, and leafed out almost entirely from adventious buds. It lost 12-14" on most stems, and since this is a dwarf selection that is perhaps 4' tall at the end of the last growing season, that is pretty server damage. However after pruning off dead or nearly dead stems, it is vibrant and green again. I have found no other signs for damage. I am not too concerned about this lose of growth. While is has a reputation for being very slow growing, for whatever reason, it is growing much much faster than purported for me. Prognosis is excellent.
Other general observations. While I was concerned about those specific four in particular, I have been on the watch for anything else out of the ordinary. As mentioned previously Crepe Myrtles were generally frozen to the ground. I few in more sheltered locations retained some growth, but probable 95% were to below the snowline. But of surprise to me is that the native Sumac and native Persimmon trees took considerable damage. Many Persimmon sprouted back from essentially the trunk, and the Sumac were killed back 1-2 feet, and sprouted from older growth. Many Virurnium were damaged including our Double Snowflake and our Mariesii Viburnum. The Mariessi was killed to below snow line, and the Double Snowflake lost most everything less than 2 years old. In addition both are not growing particularly well. Also as reported previously Hydrangea seem to have been killed back to the ground despite being snow covered. Forsythia, Quince, Flowering Cherries, Flowering Almond seem to have taken a beating. But strangest of all to me is what's happened with our maples. Nearly all terminal buds at the end of branches failed to develop. Probable eyeball estimate of 70-80% of the terminal buds. This happened on the Shantung, both Sugar Maples, Both freemanii Maples, Paperbark Maple, and Triflorium Maple. Only our Chalk Maple did not suffer this fate outside of the Mikawa. The buds immediately next to the terminal buds activated, but not the terminal buds for the most part. Result is lots of additional branching. Not sure how I'm to address all the poor branch angles now. Some are small and will be easy, but others, not so much. Lastly, very little is growing normally this year. With a few exceptions, growth looks to be generally 1/2 to 3/4 the growth of the previous year. That goes for the neighbors trees as well. Even watered fertilized lawns are growing much slower. I would surmise that there have been simply too many extremes in the last 6 months, and those extremes are manifesting it themselves in reduced growth.

This is likely the last big post on the subject, as it seems clear where things are going. Feel free to ask any questions you might have.

Arktrees

Sorry for the lose of formatting, making it harder to read. It was there until I hit summit. Gardenweb stikes again.

Arktrees