Pretty new to jade myself, but mine was outside all last summer, until frost threatened. There are many days during winter here when it's warm enough in the daytime for plants to go outside and jade is one of a small number of plants that enjoyed this special treatment from me this winter.

When out there permanently, it's in full sun, but under the porch roof, so would get some rain but not soaked heavily. I have to use fairly big pots, in relation to plant size, so they don't blow over, 50 mph gusts are standard here. As long as the soil drains well, this is not a problem. Jade isn't really a plant that catches gusts in its' foliage, thank goodness. One good option could be a pot that is more wide but not very deep. That's much less top-heavy, and the kind of pot my plant is in.

Someone more experience will probably let you know if you need to ease your plant into more sun or if it will just be happy to finally bask in the rays.

In your zone heat will be the least of worries jades can handle temps in the100's.

Transitioning from inside to outside a shade cloth covering 50 % for a week 25 % for a second week and none for the remainder of season Also relative is extended time of shade cloth use may be extended by actual date that you move it out and location.

Wind protection and rain Wind speed knocking any pot over depends on pot size it's shape, weight adding height of jade all have bearing as to how much or how little wind is needed to knock it over and roll it around when or if knocked over.
Smaller pot into a bigger pot not my preference but would help
Surrounding the pot with reasonable size and weight stones ,you can also wire the pot to a rack or let it sink into an open rail holding device that allows air to move as well. A couple ideas that would greatly help prevent any sudden wind gust of good speed pot knock overs to a very high degree..
Rain::: fast and very sharp draining soil of porous substrates would allow you some time for you to get it undercover but would be more realistic if you already had it under cover before it rains.

A hard grown Jade can handle some sudden unexpected rain falls even if it didn't need water. As I don't think you are hard growing your Jade I'd rather suggest you keep it in a bright sunny some mid day shade undercover location than to offer this type of risk

im up on vacation in arcata (northern california) which gets tons of rain a year, and many people have large jade plants just growing fine in their yards. in pots, and in the ground. so im guessing water shouldnt be a problem

I've seen some huge ones on the wet side of the islands in Hawaii and they all did great. I think freeze is going to be your biggest problem up there. Mrlike2yu that idea of 50% shade cloth, then 25% is an excellent idea for so many plants that are being transitioned to outside this time of year. A very good idea for plumeria seedlings.

Good luck with your plant!
Tally HO!