I've had good luck with carrots and zuchinni. Also all kinds of lettuce (usually mesclan), but I harvest them very young and sow another crop. So until it heats up, I have lettuce crops. Other than tomatoes, I haven't tried anything else.

You can start now with garden cress. It's a peppery addition to salads. You could begin planting your lettuce seeds too in pots. These need to come in when it will freeze until the plants are more mature. Arrugula and radishes can go in soon, maybe after this little cold snap. They are fast, and decicious.
Also consider cilantro, which will do OK just in cooler weather. It can be replaced by basil. The windowbox basil, or greek basils are lovely, small bushy plants. Chives are nice too, and the girls will have fun eating the flowers. Determinate tomatoes in pots are best, and there are also some small ones that do well. Try Tom Thumb. Do you have a place to try "upside down" tomato growing? This is great for cherry tomatoes. You can buy containers, but they are super easy to make.
Get an el-cheap deep bucket from the home store. Drill holes in the sides, a larger hole in the bottom for watering, and plant your tomato plant as usual (you need to raise from seed in a different pot)...then you cover the top of the plant, around the stem with weed cloth. Holds dirt in, water will transpire thru it. Then drill small holes around the edge of the bucket and just string with wires or fishing line to hold the plant and soil in. Flip it upside down and drill holes for wire to hang. The kids will LOVE it. Plus, rumor has it you can grow some really great tomatoes!!
Try miniature eggplants and tiny sweet peppers in pots too. They actually fair very well in containers.

GGG