Different inspectors look for different things depending on the tradesman's name on the permit (they know the good, the bad, and the ugly) and how much time they can dedicate to your inspection. Remember that an inspection is a sampling--not a comprehensive check or endorsement of every aspect of your job.

I passed final inspection with several capped boxes (for lights to be installed later), but he did check panel box for labelling and arc fault breakers, and was a stickler for outlet locations and switches for stair lights. He did seem to have a good rapport with my electrician, so I'm sure that helps.

A cover plate over those capped wires in a box would AOK!

In my area, to name a few, they check compliance with: box fill requirements, grounding, proper size breakers, circuit requirements for kitchens, GFCIs where needed, adequate wire lengths in boxes, cable stapling, outside receptacles, etc. In short, they want to make sure the electrical code was complied with and there aren't potential problems with the wiring that might cause your house to burn down or get someone electrocuted.