In my yard, maples are the worst overall. They produce a lot of ground level roots. Honeylocust are a close 2nd because they sucker like crazy.

Since the largest living organism on earth is a 108 acre grove of aspen trees in Utah that are essentially all the same tree, all connected by a single root system I'd have to put that at the top of my list. However my personal experience with invasive roots has been limited to a corkscrew willow. And a cherry or two that insist on erupting with root suckers at a distance from the parent tree.

Nothing that I have intentionally planted :-))

It’s a Sweet Gum at my place.

I forgot about tree of heaven because no one planted it (actually them). They sucker like crazy and seems the sucker can grow to 10' tall in a week. Worst tree ever.

The genus Ficus (including the hardy one, F. carica) is know for it's potential destructive, invasive roots.