Are the walls painted weird? Paint them a solid color. Put some non-slip runners on the floor.

If you can pry off the backsplash or cover it with something inexpensive like beadboard (painted to match the new wall color), it will tame the SO MUCH that you have going on.

What is the floor, anyway? Is it vinyl? It's kind of interesting.

Oh, dear, what is the flooring material? Can you paint it? Painting the cabinets or island will not solve the problem.

Can the counter and backsplash be painted to a solid colour? Paint the walls. I like the floor but I'm not the one living in the house.

I agree. The floors.
Maybe you can DIY this?

For the backsplash, you have 2.

The 4” lip and the tile on top of that.
I’d remove the tile for now.
And then paint the wall. And leave as is.

That’s where I’d start.

Island and cabinets are the most normal looking part of your kitchen. I wouldn't paint them. Don't think it will do much. I remove or paint over the backsplash and get a new top for the island. It will help a lot.

That is an unfortunate combination of materials. I agree with above. Paint walls (are they wallpapered?). Remove copper penny tile backsplash, repair and paint wall. Figure out how you can paint the floor. None of the things are bad in and of themselves, but none of them seem to work together.

Agree with jaja06 except do not paint floor. It is a small space and you can replace with solid tile or linoleum.

I need answers to questions but I agree the backsplash removal is the first step.Do not add a different colored island into this very busy mix. If than floor is lino or vinyl get a piec of vinyl floor loose lay to put over top for now.

Changing anything about the cabinets will not pull this kitchen together. I agree that the back splash removal will give great impact. Even if you can't perfectly repair the walls, vinyl wall paper can hide some imperfections. My first thought to minimize the floor was washable runners and rugs, but on a budget, it's hard to get them sized to cover enough of your pattern. Solids will show every stain and crumb. If the floor is vinyl and you plan to remove it down the road, consider DIY peel and stick tile and go right over it. There's a lot at $2/sf so for a few hundred, you can mellow out the appearance by choosing a subtle - no fake wood/stone - look. If you can spend a little more, a local flooring place might be able to put in sheet vinyl at a surprisingly affordable price. Addressing the back splash and floor will transform the kitchen.

@TBL from CT has a very good idea. On looking more closely at the floor, it does look like sheet vinyl. You can lay another one over it, but make sure it's a very muted, almost solid color. Those two patterns together are not good at all, but it probably is less expensive to cover the floor rather than remove the counters. Covering the floor and changing the backsplash will tide you over until you have the funds to do a complete reno. Also repaint the walls with a solid color--that texture is only adding to the cacophony.

One more note--the cabinets are perfectly fine, they are the one calm solid aspect in the composition. Leave them alone for now.