That’s a tiny space for a dining table and I’m assuming 4 chairs. Have you considered a banquette and bistro style table?

The plan is to eventually do built-in bench seating with a table, but we just finished a major kitchen reno and don’t have the time/budget to do it right now, so I was looking for something to fill the space for a few years.

It’s also our only dining area in the house so we want to have as much seating/table surface area possible

If this is going to be a temporary setup, then I wouldn't spend much money on it. Buy a small table and chairs from Ikea and save up to do the built-in bench.

You might also want to look at Ballard to see if any of the banquettes they have would work for the space. Buying a banquette will be cheaper than having one custom made. Ballard has some good sales a few times per year.

I would look on Facebook marketplace for a bench! I see them all the time. There are many great tables on there too.

What are the measurements of the space? Keep in mind you have to be able to pull back the chairs and that would mean 2.5 or 3' larger all around the table. It doesn't look like you have the space.

It’s a 6’x6’ space. I know we won’t have room for seating on both sides, but was hoping I could put a table against the left wall with 2 chairs on one side and maybe a bench on the other to use when we have to pull it out for the occasional extra seating

That space is way too small for what you're thinking. While it's not impossible to do, you have to think about daily comfort. You have an idea of the size table you want, I suggest IKEA for it's compact size and affordable price since it's temporary. A small table with 2 chairs or a table with a small bench would be the most I'd put in this space. It seems too close to the kitchen and would be in the way with all that extra seating.