If you want an intermediate step before committing to paint, you could take off that frilly trim over the sink (just cut it straight) and add some arched nickel pulls. I do agree that white or grey will bring you current, but wood is more in keeping with midcentury -- unless you're willing to go with some candy color! :) another option would be to keep all the cabinets and just get new doors, possibly slab (see photos below).

If you're not going to put a microwave in that space designed for it, then maybe you could get an aluminum pull-down door (easier than trying to match the cabinets with a new door) for a pantry or appliance garage.

Happy to brainstorm more, but need guidance on what you're after.