Concrete slab
The basics: Concrete is composed of water, a binder and a filler.
The binder, cement, is most commonly Portland cement, but slag cement and fly ash — both industrial waste by-products — are becoming common additions.
The filler, an aggregate, can be anything from sand, gravel and stone to crushed glass and beads.
Concrete counters are either precast or cast onsite (also known as cast in place).
Precast concrete counters are cast offsite by a local artisan, who pours the counter based on a template of the layout.
Cast-in-place (or site-cast) concrete counters are poured right on top of the cabinets and finished in place.
Cost: $100 to $150 per square foot installed.