No leaves present during the summer dormant period. And these are comparatively small plants - if you are looking for something that will push aside or exclude weeds you need something significantly taller and thicker growing. Keeping in mind also that it is often best to install ground cover plants into clean ground, rather than hoping the new planting will weed the bed for you.

I would have thought Cyclamen is unlikely to bloom in fall/winter in a cold climate. My C hederifolium, one of the most vigorous, blooms without leaves from late August to late September. The leaves appear in autumn and last till late summer. So there's a couple of months with no foliage. Although they are spreading they aren't a match for vigorous weeds and you'd also need a lot tubers to made a dense patch. Not cheap. However, I wouldn't discourage you from getting some, even if they don't do quite what you want. This photo is from 18th September 2019. As you can see, the new leaves are just starting to emerge. You can see from the bare patch around the plants how big an area the leaves will cover when fully out.

Take a look at Geranium macrorrhizum.

This would be clean, new ground (gap between concrete walkway and house). If the cyclamen doesn't work, maybe I will give bugleweed a shot. I know it can get out of hand, but since it is surrounded by concrete on all sides it should be well contained. Just want to plant something that is attractive but low maintenance for this rarely seen part of the house. But if it can't keep the weeds from settling in, it won't work.

You could try the Lily of the Valley. Those seemingly very sweet, innocent looking plants are in reality very vigorous to the point of being aggressive, and will not tolerate any other plants in their midst. As you very likely know, they are herbaceous perennials, so the first hard frost will kill them but they will sprout again in spring and reward you with beautiful, sweet scented flowers. They look very well and green all spring and summer. In fall the light frost can make the leaves golden, but it is only the hard frost that will kill them. They will also spread out very quickly.